Byzantine Islamic Empires Comparison Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Byzantine Islamic Empires Comparison Essay, Research Paper Byzantine and Islamic Domains Q Introduction Both the Islamic and in the Byzantine Empires had extremely of import cultural developments. There are contrasts between the two Empires in all features, in any case both were effective. The Byzantine was segment of the incomparable Roman Empire and the Islamic Empire was based on otherworldly conviction. Q Comparison in workmanship In the Islamic culture visual humanistic controls are restorative, and brilliant. The Islamic workmanship was influnced by the confidence in the nation. The Byzantine Art was unvarying and prefected inside a carinate custom rather than by close to home inclination. Byzantine workmanship included design, pictures, brightening humanistic orders, adornment, gold work and polish work. Islamic workmanship included pottery, glass, metal work, textures, original copy representation, and woodwork. The trademark workmanship way of the Islamic Empire was arabesque. Engineering of the early Byzantine Empire supported the utilization of enormous arches and vaults. We will compose a custom article test on Byzantine Islamic Empires Comparison Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the highest point of these vaults was an image of the Pantocractor { the Godhead God } . Muslim individuals utilized vaults for there most commended profound design, Dome of the Rock. Islamic individuals utilized handwriting in original copy and in engineering. Q Comparing Religion Muslim individuals had faith in one omnipotent, tolerant, and only God. The Byzantine had faith in the Greco-Roman confidence until the Byzantine individuals began to change over to Christianity. The Emperor Justinian attempted to bind together the Byzantine Empir nutrient E under one Christian church. Muslim individuals live by a lot of good codifications and follow their God. Muhammad is viewed as a prophesier and thought about Godhead. Q Comparing Moral Codes Muslim individuals are structure to respect their parent and give grace to their neighbor, ensure vagrants and widows and provide for the hapless. The Byzantine individuals requested barbarian individuals to make a trip to chapel and all individuals. Every single unpersuaded individuals could non procure benefit of legacy. In Constantinople homosexualism was normal and Justinian was worried that the anger of God would get down the city of evil. Q Comparing war vessel designs Muslim individuals express their devotedness in petitions completed multiple times a twenty-four hours at day break, noontime, evening, twilight and in the eventide. The Byzantine individuals utilized serenade and songs here and there. St. Ramanos Melodos kept in touch with a portion of the more praised song of praise. In the Muslim human advancement individuals journey back to the Mecca for specific love at a specific clasp of the twelvemonth. In the Byzantine Empire individuals figured out how to utilized education through the congregation and did non require to be prosperous to make. This was one of the principal open doors for everyday citizens to larn how to peruse and form. q Decision In spite of the fact that the Byzantine Empire crumbled some time in the past, it can in any case be contrasted with the Islamic Empire in how incredible it was. The two of them had cultural advancements that made some of import progresss. The specialists and workmanship where both influenced by solid confidence in both imperiums. Both were extraordinary imperiums at there cut with there ain one of a kind and shared characteristics.

How Children’s Literature Can Be Both Didactic and Entertaining Essay

Writing discusses noteworthy human encounters which excites a respectable sentiment of delight. A type of writing ought to have changelessness, imaginativeness, otherworldliness, interestingness and all inclusiveness like a children’s writing. It might be as books, sonnets, stories, and others utilize just language to pass regarding the matter . Children’s writing discusses people’s challenges however more fanciful than that of a grown-up and it rises and shines the honest psyche of a youngster to investigate to the universe of imagination and reality-the beginning of his preparation on separating realities from errors and building up his brain to get the great out of the setting of a children’s writing. Children’s writing interfaces creative mind and life to set up a youngster to be an adult. C. S. Lewis expresses that writing adds to the real world, it doesn't just depict it. It advances the fundamental skills that day by day life requires and gives; and in this regard, it inundates the deserts that our lives have just become. It enables a youngster to pick up information on both what he is encountering and from his perusing. A few types of writing can be instructional and some can be engaging. It is educational such that it trains individuals on what to do, presents realities and data, immensely slanted to instruct or lecture and once in a while a drawback or it murders a reader’s delight. In layman’s term , we consider that being a downer. A bit of composing isn't instructional regardless of whether it is instructive when it is progressively centered around imaginative characteristics. It is engaging in light of the fact that it delights you of things you haven’t seen previously, draws your consideration of something you need or dreams yet, in actuality, you can’t-so it turns into an outlet of your imagination,pleases your aggregate and redirects your enthusiasm to something energizing. As indicated by Cyril Connolly, â€Å"While thought exists, words are alive and writing turns into a break, not from, yet into living. † Your family name 2 Children’s writing is instructional and engaging. Here are some that we will talk about on issues with respect to the shared traits of giving data and simultaneously giving the peruser a portion of joy. We will refer to three: Hana’s Suitcase, Paper Bag Princess and Charlotte’s Web. Hana’s Suitcase is around two youngsters in the hand of the Nazi’s fundamentally George and Hana. It sets center around Hana Brady, a normal young lady on around 10 years of age,who died in a death camp of the Nazi’s set in Czechoslovakia. A period of demolition where the Jews were detained and in the long run slaughtered. Paper Bag Princess is about a Princess Elizabeth who was going to wed Prince Ronald however the last was seized by a monster. Bravely yet exposed she in the end protects the ruler wearing just a paper sack. She won by complimenting the monster on the grounds that the winged serpent performs a wide range of tricks finishing off with fatigue. In any case, subsequent to helping the him, the sovereign abuse the princess and she understands that she was in an ideal situation without a ruler. They didn't live joyfully ever after. Charlotte’s Web is about a creepy crawly who helps Wilbur, a pig, from being murdered by his proprietor. She gadgets an arrangement on the best way to occupy the consideration of the proprietor in Wilbur’s favor. Greenery goes about as a contact between the human world and the creature world . At the point when Charlotte was going to kick the bucket, Wilbur gives back in kind by dealing with her eggs. Hana’s Suitcase is instructive on the grounds that it conceptualizes on a thought regarding separation on Jews and discusses some history of Czechoslovakia set in the 1900’s. A young lady who is equivalent to her companion endures a treacherous encounter. Kids got the story with the best advantage. This fills in as instrument that incited them to comprehend the abhorrence of narrow mindedness and bigotry at their young age. Hana’s bag is loaded up with the adoration and contemplations of thousands of youngsters. It might seem void, yet it is by and by, marvelously, pressed †with life and bliss. It stimulates the psyche of the kids to think decidedly out of the setting of the tragic consummation of the story. It is engaging on the grounds that it shows an authentic setting and us, being in a contemporary are being entertained by the adjustments over the span of history. Beside that, trifles-unimportant yet Your last name 3 huge in this story, follows in the bag triggers us astonished and energy on what will occur next in the story. Paper Bag Princess is educational such that it instructs us to be brave, ready to forfeit ourselves for the poor and simultaneously instructs us to adjust the heart and the psyche. In the event that others can't value the assistance that you let, them since great deeds need not to be remunerated by expressions of mortal yet in God’s realm. It is engaging on the grounds that it shows the comic side of the story by the dragon’s character. It influences our comical inclination by the shenanigans done by a winged serpent. Typically we think about a monster as coldblooded, savage and fierce creatures however this time the creator serves an alternate assault on a character as far as anyone knows not at all like by kids. Something else is the character of Princess Elizabeth, where a princess ought to be unassuming, thoughtful, agile and taught yet in this story a princess is courageous like a knight , clever and grimy varying for the improvement of the story’s immature side. The attribute of being pedantic in Charlotte’s Web is appeared on giving the lesson of the story that a companion in need is a companion in fact. It instructs us that life is simple with companions. Your veneer or outside appearance isn't an obstruction for doing great. Much the same as in the story an insect may look intense and startling however she demonstrates that she can likewise be as overall quite wonderful in the method of the heart. The amusement on Charlotte’s Web lies on giving the character equity by putting creatures as lead. A pig is portrayed by being putrid, disorderly, unsanitary and a creepy crawly as a sorted out and narcissistic being , yet we are engaged by the way that the story makes an alternate side of each-a pig being empathic and an insect being well disposed. Each livestock has its very own character that looks like a person that is thoughtful, caring and accommodating to different creatures. Hana’s Suitcase, Paper Bag Princess and Charlotte’s Web indicates a more significant level of giving a youngster what he needs to advance as far as procurement of thoughts communicated by these writing. It is Your last name 4 for the children as well as for all ages, These three simply center around kids particularly on characters to build up a simple and clear association with the real world and the contemporary without decreasing the worth that it brings to the table . Hana bears the nature of lowliness, Elizabeth being brave and Charlotte being caring. Three youthful people that changes a person’s life on account of their activities in the story. They have a significant job in shaping a youthful psyche to be a reputable resident, to be a model to other people, much the same as what they did. They might be anecdotal yet their character’s aren’t. Every one of us has an ability to change the world getting the opportunity to do as such. A bit of writing can be instructive and simultaneously engaging and instructive relying upon how an individual relate himself to it. It just requires the enlivening of your shrouded uniqueness to see what a writing needs you to picture and inevitably make into move whatever great you have procured from a children’s writing. Children’s writing fulfills a specific human need. It permits the encapsulation of thoughts to turn into a solid one and inevitably be applied to the benefit of humankind in types of acts and different exercises that will advance human government assistance. Your family name Works Cited Munsch, R. (1985). Paper Bag Princess. San Diego: Annick Press.

Types of Lies in Essay Samples

Types of Lies in Essay SamplesYou may be wondering what types of lies are commonly done in essays. There are several types of these types of lies and they differ from person to person. This will help you be more careful when writing a personal essay.One of the types of lies in essay samples is the type that you tell yourself. This type of lie is usually when you tell yourself that you did well or that you could have done better. Many students tell themselves that they are going to do better if they just work harder, but are not successful in doing so.Students will tell themselves that they got a bad grade for an assignment or that they could have gotten a better grade if only they had taken a quiz earlier in the semester. Some students will do this to justify their grades they already have. These types of lies are generally made to help students justify their grades.Another type of lie that is a very important part of this essay is that students tell themselves that they did not do t heir best because they did not do well in class. This is a commonly used type of lie to explain why they did not get a better grade. This type of lie is very common and is often made by students who do not do well in class.An additional type of lie is the one that you tell yourself before you even begin the essay. A student who tells themselves that they are going to write about the day's events will try to imagine how it will go if they write. Students will often try to imagine how things will go if they are able to write a good essay.The last type of lie that is commonly used in essay samples is the type that you tell yourself before you start writing. Students who usually tell themselves that they are going to write a short story or asimple essay are not usually able to write a complex piece of writing. This type of lie is common because students can not imagine how to write a complex piece of writing without really thinking about it.It can be hard to spot the types of lies in es say samples because many students believe that they are telling the truth even though they do not know how to tell the truth. This is something that is hard to do. It is also hard to write a complex piece of writing with out being able to think clearly.Although students can sometimes tell the truth, there are many times when students will tell lies in essay samples. It is difficult to be sure that you are not lying to yourself. You have to be willing to ask yourself what is going on in your mind when you are trying to write a paper.

`` Fruitvale Station `` The Modern Homeland Security...

Fruitvale Station provides insights into the modern homeland security policy because towards the resolution of the film there is racial profiling. Also, in regards to the homeland security policy, race-based criminal profiling had become a denounced law enforcement practice (Newman). â€Å"In 1999, a Gallup poll revealed that more than 80% of Americans disapproved of the practice of racial profiling by law enforcement authorities on any level† (Newman). In Fruitvale Station there is a detachment between the community and the law enforcement because the community is aware of the racial profiling that the law enforcement uses in order to obtain suspects. As a result, Oscar Grant and his associates were not cooperative with the law enforcement on New Year’s Day in 2009 because of this detachment the community has with the law enforcement. In order to secure the relationship between the community and the law enforcement there needs to be more effective community policing in a homeland security policy. The principles of community policing is the dimensions of proactive policing, problem-solving, and community partnerships or cooperation (Criminal Justice and Criminology Faculty). Ultimately, to secure the relationship between the two, the community must trust the law enforcement because this trust creates legitimacy. â€Å"While, having lack of trust undermines the legitimacy of law enforcement and creates an unequal society in which some feel comforted by law enforcement while others

Environmental Effects - 758 Words

In the 1970’s, the United States Environmental Protection agency began giving permits to firms that allowed a certain amount of emission. Corporations could then sell and buy the permits on the, thus establishing a market where industries with emission levels that were difficult to limit could buy permits, while corporations that could cheaply reduce their emissions sold their permits. This was the first implementation of market-based tools in reducing industrys’ environmental impact. In Europe, countries like France and Germany have tried imposing a tax on resources such as gasoline to limit corporation’s ability to create pollutants. One common flaw with this approach is that it tends to produce revenue for federal governments without†¦show more content†¦Despite events such as this one and overwhelming support from the scientific community, the idea of global warming is not universally accepted. The United States has regularly shown doubt that global warming is a legitimate concern, with Scott Pruitt, the current head of the US Environmental Protection Agency, stating that â€Å"The debate is far from settled.† in a recent Op-ed. This doubt is further illustrated by the United States’ recent announcement that they would be withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement. Beyond skepticism about the legitimacy of the threat of global warming, there is the issue of economic growth and stability to consider. While some of the most developed economies in the world are capable of imposing limitations on their industries, not every country has this privilege. It is the responsibility of this committee to find solutions to ever more pressing concerns about the environment, while considering the capability and willingness of every nation to aid the effort. Past UN Actions: As mentioned previously, the United Nations has passed the Paris Climate Agreement, which was the first major effort to fight global warming and its consequences that included all nations.. The United States’ intent to withdraw from the agreement may be a blow to the potential success of the agreement, but the Paris Climate Agreement continues to acts as proof that nations can come together to act in a way that benefits the well-being of theShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Sustainability And Its Effects On The Environment1590 Words   |  7 Pageshigh rates of natural resource depletion, and extinction at astronomical rates. The effect of these issues includes destruction of our trees and plants, food shortages, higher risk of natural disasters, higher risk of unclean water, and a higher risk of cancer (Environmental Problems). 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Child Welfare Committee / Juvenile Justice Board - 968 Words

ï‚ § Magistrate should transfer person below 18 years to child Welfare Committee/ Juvenile Justice Board. ï‚ § Child rescued from the brothel should be considered as a child under need of care and protection. Some of the other organisation which focus on the prevention of trafficking among children and protection of the child victims are: ï‚ § SAARTHAK: working in Delhi focus on providing mental health resources and process for the victims after rescued. ï‚ § RESCUE FOUNDATION: working in Maharashtra and runs shelter home with facilities such as counseling, training (vocational and life-skills), legal assistance, health care services (physical and psychological) and consequent repatriation. ï‚ § PRAJWALA: anti trafficking organisation based in Hyderabad works for the prevention of second generation trafficking. 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Technologies Available in Big Data

Question: What Big Data is, and the difference between Online and Offline Big Data ? Answer : Introduction Nowadays, business activities, creativity, and innovation are driven and improved by data. The main idea behind the big data was first initiated over 70 years back. Although, not until recently that companies began to take serious development in information technology (Dhar, 2014). In this report, the history of big data is discussed including the rising attention given to information and data in the healthcare. These are looked into within the context of the four main parts: the regulation, reimbursement, competitiveness, and technological environment of the healthcare sector. The quantity of data captured by the current healthcare system is grouped as big data that is defined as data sets with size that cannot be handled by the normal database system or software tools. The current or normal software tools may find it so hard to capture, store, manipulate and analyze. Definition of Big data Big data can be specifically defined when it is considered to meet the three criteria, for example, volume, variety, and speed. This may mean that data the adequacy of data may be in form of kilobytes, megabytes, terabytes, or petabytes. The Importance of Big data to a business Digital data is far much better than offline data because of its efficiency and accuracy. The speed of retrieval is faster with digital data than offline data. In addition, it is easier to manipulate and edit if need arises. Huge information examination helps associations tackle their data and apply it in recognizing other achievements. Thus, helps the business to move forward and realize productive benefits, and more clients that are joyful. How to select the right Big Data application for your business, project and desired outcomes. Value addition. Large data advancements, for example, Hadoop and cloud-based assessment bring down cost and make it favorable in terms of implementation and maintenance. Proper and efficient management. With the quick speed of and enough memory, coupled with the volume to simplify new aspects of information, companies can manipulate data quickly and choose the right ones that will fit their desire. What are the technologies available in Big Data Current items for administrations. The clients requirements can be evaluated through proper set procedures that are able to outsmart the old channels. These are only possible if the latest technology is put into consideration. Business administrators occasionally ask, "Isn't 'huge information' simply means 'examination'?" It is true that they are related: Huge information growth, as investigation for the latter, aims to collect ideas from information and interpret it into business language to benefit the business. In 2012, about 3 Exabyte of data could be manufactured daily, and that number is increaing at regular intervals or thereabouts. A large quantity of information is available on the web sites on daily basis. This allows companies to use amount of information in a solitary informational collectionand not particularly on the web site. For example, it is evaluated that Wal-Mart collects higher amount of data daily from its client works. Speed Speed of delivering information can be as important as volume in other programs. Continuous or on-going information enables the organization to be at the top of its competitors. For example, Alex "Sandy" Pentland and his gathering at the university lab made use of area ideas from cell phones to derive how many individuals participated in an event (Big Data Literature Search, 2014). This made it conceivable to assess the retailer's deals on that basic day even before the data is recorded. Variety Enormous information look like texts, updates, and photos shown on interpersonal organizations; recordings on sensing gargets; GPS signals on cell phones, and that are only the tip of the iceberg. A large part of enormous information is moderately current. The gigantic measurement of information under informal communities, for example, are old systems; Facebook was propelled in 2004, Twitter in 2006. Similar holds for cell phones and the other cell phones that now give tremendous floods of information fixing to individuals, exercises, and areas. Since these gadgets are universal, it is anything but difficult to overlook that the iPhone was disclosed just five years back, and the iPod in 2010. Subsequently, the organized databases that put away most corporate data as of not long ago are ill-suited to putting away and preparing huge information. In the meantime, the consistently declining expenses of the considerable number of components of registeringstockpiling, memory, handling, tra nsfer speed, et ceteraimply that already costly information escalated methodologies are rapidly getting to be distinctly spring (Dh?r, 2014). Figure: Components of Big Data and Analytics With the digitization of businesses, improvement in data manipulation and cheap hardware are here with us: here, data is computed using computers to speed up the operations of the businesses. Cell phones, web based shopping, informal organizations, video conferences among others, all create deluges in information because of the standards in operation. Each of us is presently a moving information producer. This information can be (Bughin, 2016). Information or data may be in large and unstructured volume and of different types that may not be easily grouped or sorted. In the healthcare sector, big data is seen as having the ability to change the relationship that links the patients with the health providers and it is further linked to the history of events, for instance, the revolution of electronic gadgets. This revolution may be considered as great as the first and second industrial revolutions (Handler, 2014). It is believed that there has been a direct link between the expenditure in the health facilities and application of big data. A company that employs big data in its operations has a reduced spending. However, the most important useful data may be seen as effective measures of collecting, managing, storing, and analyzing them. This data can then be used in a number of areas ranging from clinical lab to varied diagnostic tests, quality outcome indicators, finances, medication and giving orders, consultations, among o thers. A research carried out in 2012 estimates that below 3% of the useful big data undergo any kind of analysis (IEEE Transactions on Big Data, 2015). The inherent challenge arises when there is a poor or inaccurate interpretation of the wider variety of diagnostic information and medical technologies used across the healthcare sector as a whole in recent days. For instance, the interpretation of condition of medication such as high blood pressure could also be interpreted as hypertension a raised blood pressure (Bhatt, Dey and Ashour, 2017). In connection with this process of analyzing and making the data valid, the healthcare sector is faced with problems of reimbursement of services and purchase methodologies. The process is also dependent on the willingness of providers to alter the practice to make use of big data to improve evidence-based care as opposed to self-clinical judgment (Williamson, 2014). The additional disadvantage arises when the utilization of big data becomes inherent fragmentation caused by the caused by the latest infrastructure of the healthcare delivery systems. Some entities usually work in consideration of information being involved, which improves the sharing of data that would positively impact the coordination and inclusion of care across different providers. However, with the increased inclusion of care, the spread of big data, providers, and users, keep concerns on information of health insurance and accountability act (Kirkpatrick, 2013). Despite the many disadvantages of the adoption of big data in healthcare, the sector is being subjected to more and more regulations requiring reporting and sharing of information that results from big data that is under coll ection or requisition for use. Business Impact of Big Data The big data can be harnessed and used in healthcare, for instance in the implementation of electronic health records, mandatory reports of healthcare quality outcomes and indicators, and increasing adoption of the development of mobile health services provided across the country. The mobile healthcare is meant to increase the efficiency and access to health services efficiently and in time (Dumbill, 2013). All these development in healthcare services would need the use of big data to ensure appropriate delivery of services within and outside the sector. The work of big data is diverse and without limit, the boundaries of within which the healthcare providers and health enterprises operate are increasing and thus the big data technology is necessary for all the important steps taken to improve the sector. However, there always exist some hindrances to the full adoption of technology for the use of big data to improve costs and enhance savings as well. Organizational Impact of Big Data So to take an excursion through Big Data in social insurance, how about we begin toward the starting before we even get sick. With the applications of big data in the health facilities, we can easily gauge the amount of activities that are beneficial to our health. Those activities can be measured in terms of data and information provided or kept in the data base systems. (Pyne, Prakasa Rao, and Rao, 2016). In future, this information may be beneficial to people who are responsible in enacting policies and this also help in gathering and reporting issues before they actually take place (Chang, 2015). This is prompting to historic work, regularly by associations amongst therapeutic and technology gurus, with the ability to see ahead and differentiate issues early enough. Someone recently framed case of such a company as the Pittsburgh Health Data Alliance (Bakker, Aarts and Redekop, 2016). It intends to take information from varied fields, (for instance, therapeutic and prevention records, inherited information, and web-based social network use) to come up with a complete and viable of the client, to offer a custom-made human services bundle. That individual's information will not be dealt with in confinement (Craven and Page, 2015). It will be thought about and simplified by several others, describing specific dangers and related issues by examples that develop within the examination. Thus, empowers refined prescient displaying to happen an expert will have the ability to look at the feasibility and do a valuation in order to gather information about patients with the same probl ems. Such projects, for instance health insurance, will enable the business to improve in its delivery as well as creating an atmosphere that the workers will enjoy. Conclusion Information and data in social insurance is being used to expect scourges, treat sicknesses, improve self-actualization and keep distances from this that can be prevented. With the growing population, it is necessary that information is well organized in form of data. This will ensure an improvement in how issues are handled and at the same time raises the integrity of the processes that are being driven by information (Krishnan, 2013). Accessibility of data should as fast as possible, this has been made easy through technology that ensures that different data however huge it may be, can be easily reached and manipulated as need arises. Big data is helpful to organizations because it makes it easy for the management to keep track of everything that happens within and without the company. It is easy to keep records and retrieve stored data as faster as need arises. Moreover, keeping inventory and planning for everything becomes as easy as a click of a mouse. References Big Data Literature Search. (2014). Big Data, 2(4), pp.230-232. Bughin, J. (2016). Big data, Big bang. Journal of Big Data, 3(1). Bakker, L., Aarts, J., and Redekop, W. (2016). Is Big Data in Healthcare about Big Hope or Big Hype? Early Health Technology Assessment of Big Data Analytics in Healthcare. The value in Health, 19(7), p.A705. Bhatt, C., Dey, N. and Ashour, A. (2017). Internet of things and big data technologies for next generation healthcare. 1st ed. Cham: Springer. Chang, H. (2015). Book Review: Data-Driven Healthcare Analytics in a Big Data World. Healthcare Informatics Research, 21(1), p.61. Craven, M. and Page, C. (2015). Big Data in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges. Big Data, 3(4), pp.209-210. Dhar, V. (2014). Healthcare and Data: An Interview with Peter Szolovits. Big Data, 2(4), pp.182-184. Dhar, V. (2014). Why Big Data = Big Deal. Big Data, 2(2), pp.55-56. Dumbill, E. (2013). Big Data is Rocket Fuel. Big Data, 1(2), pp.71-72. Dumbill, E. (2013). Making Sense of Big Data. Big Data, 1(1), pp.1-2. Hendler, J. (2014). Data Integration for Heterogeneous Datasets. Big Data, 2(4), pp.205-215. IEEE Transactions on Big Data. (2015). IEEE Transactions on Big Data, 1(1), pp.47-47. Kirkpatrick, R. (2013). Big Data for Development. Big Data, 1(1), pp.3-4. Krishnan, K. (2013). Data Warehousing in the Age of Big Data. 1st ed. Chennai: Morgan Kaufmann. Pyne, S., Prakasa Rao, B. and Rao, S. (2016). Big data analytics. 1st ed. New Delhi, India: Springer. Williamson, J. (2014). Getting a Big Data Job For Dummies. 1st ed. Hoboken: Wiley.

The History of sexuality

The term sexuality had been a puzzle for many people for a long time. A lot of research has been done on the topic by many philosophers as well as historians. Among them was a French philosopher known as Michel Foucault who researched on the history of sexuality. Sexuality basically means the identification of difference in gender. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of sexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the main feature for the identities of people. Philosophers have before claimed that sexuality operates in an unstable manner and it is developed through social interactions. Therefore the history of sexuality can be said to have started long ago as people tried to find out more about the creation of God. Research shows that not every person understands all about sexuality. Different people and cultures have their own different perception of the term. In countries like Japan, China and Indi a the word sexuality is seen as something that is normal and no one is ashamed of talking about it. Though they keep it as a secret they find no harm in discussing the topic of sexuality. On the other hand, the western society has a different perspective about the term. They find it to be a secretive term and not to be publicly discussed. It can therefore be said that one’s understanding depends on an individual’s egotism. During the course of my study in high school I got to see how people may be confused by the term sexuality. There was one of our school mates who had male characteristics yet she had been born a female. The reason behind this was that she had been born a hermaphrodite; that is having both sexual organs. The doctors who first examined her after birth decided that it was easy chopping off the male sexual organ other than surgical procedures on the female sexual organ. With this, they did not consider anything to do with the hormones, internal organs or the reproductive cells. Since all babies are identical despite the sexuality no one was able to notice any difference. The problem arose during her high school life when her body was undergoing hormonal changes. The body started developing visible male features and characteristics such as beards, hoarse voice, no breasts and many others. Since we were in an only girl’s school, she could be easily distinguished. The issue about her sexuality greatly affected her social life and eventually academically.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was after much consultation with her parents that she realized the mystic about her sexuality and underwent another surgery to convert her to the male sexual being she was supposed to be. The problem can be dated back to the doctors who first examined her. They did not understand that sexuality is more than just the sexual organs. Sexuality h as a lot to do with personality and many other factors which may not be visible. This was a serious mistake costing the teenage life of a person. It can therefore be concluded that sexuality is a very important issue to human beings. Ignoring and taking sexuality for granted is wrong just as described by Foucault. He says that people of the Western society suppressed the word sexuality. Considering the effects that are bound to arise because of negligence of sexuality, it calls for immediate change of state of the situation. That is, people should critically look at sexuality and begin to put more recognition on it. Doing this will create a freely interactive and sociable community. This essay on The History of sexuality was written and submitted by user Avery Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Social stratification and social inequality

Essay on Social stratification and social inequality Essay on Social stratification and social inequality Essay on Social stratification and social inequalitySocial stratification and social inequality have a notable impact on the economic security of people in old age. The differences in initial family welfare and life opportunities contribute to the process of transferring social inequality from generation to generation. The theory of cumulative disadvantage states that social inequality in general and economic insecurity in particular evolve as part of a cumulative process that takes place during the whole course of life (George, 2010). One of important issues emerging due to social inequality is economic insecurity of most ethnic minority groups in old age.According to Schulz (2006), the economic status of non-Hispanic white elderly Americans is significantly better than the economic position of elderly people who belong to Native American, Hispanic and African American ethnic groups. There exist significant differences in incomes and even greater differences in net worth, which affe ct the quality of life for ethnic minorities in the old age. It is notable that elderly representatives of Asian ethnic minority groups are more economically secure than the general population. At the same time, these data are in line with income statistics: Asian Americans tend to have incomes comparable with non-Hispanic White Americans or even higher (Schulz, 2006).The majority of elderly people (64%) rely on Social Security as their main source of economic security. The representatives of ethnic minorities demonstrate a greater reliance on Social Security income compared to white non-Hispanic Americans: for example, 71% of African Americans, 74% of Hispanics and 68% of Asian Americans rely on Social Security for 50% or more of their income, while only 63% of non-Hispanic White elderly people receive half or more of their income from Social Security (George, 2010). Therefore, ethnic minorities have greater reliance on Social Security in old age, and it is reasonable to assume tha t these ethnic groups also have greater economic insecurity in old age.Indeed, Social Security rules provide higher benefits for people with higher-paid jobs, continuous employment histories and active workforce participation (Schulz, 2006). This means that the representatives of minority groups are likely to have lower Social Security benefits during retirement due to more sporadic employment, higher unemployment rates, lower-paid jobs, etc. (Schulz, 2006) In addition, minorities are less likely to have access to employer pensions, which makes their economic position even more vulnerable.It is notable that single old people are more likely to experience economic insecurity regardless of ethnic group; however, especially vulnerable categories of elderly people are single Hispanic and African-American people. Indeed, the rates of economic insecurity constitute 48% and 65% for African American and Hispanic couples correspondingly, while for single African American and Hispanic retiree s the rates of economic insecurity constitute 77% and 83% accordingly (George, 2010).Economic security of elderly minority populations is additionally affected by the presence of recent and foreign-born immigrants in their families (which reduces access to Medicare) and lower chance of owning a house (due to housing discrimination) (Schulz, 2006). In general, the most economically insecure ethnic groups in the old age are African Americans due to lower wages and episodic employment, and Indian Americans – due to previous state policies acting against indigenous population. Economic security of elderly people of Hispanic origin differs by their country of origin (Schulz, 2006): for example, average well-being of Cuban retirees can be compared with non-Hispanic Whites, while aged people of Mexican or Puerto-Rican origin are likely to have low levels of economic security. Hence, there are notable differences in economic security in old age between different ethnic groups.

Legal Profession Ethics & Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Profession Ethics & Morality - Essay Example Thus, the legal profession has well-developed and strictly imposed codes of ethics and standards of professional practice. That means a lawyer who is acting in accordance with the standards automatically become ethical. Here one has to understand the fact that the legal profession has a number of basic paradoxes to face unlike other professions. First of all, lawyers are considered as officers of the court. Thus they possess the obligation to help the court in the administration of justice. Secondly, the lawyer has the responsibility to act in the best interests of his client. Thirdly, a lawyer is lured by the fact of his own financial gains. Evidently, it requires a lot of ethics to manage all these affairs to retain people’s faith in the system. In fact, in order to ensure smooth functioning of the judiciary, there are extensive ethical codes for the legal profession. They cover issues like conflicts of interest, acting for both parties, business relations with the clients, opposing a former client, and confidentiality of the information   From the discussion, it becomes evident that the legal profession is different from other professions in the fact that while all other professions have the primary aim of making pecuniary gain, the legal profession has earning only as a subservient function. Thus, one can also reach the conclusion that the profession deserves a higher regard due to these basic differences. Unlike many other professions, a lawyer is an asset to the whole society.

Possible Inherent Conflicts Between the Public Auditor and the CFO on Case Study

Possible Inherent Conflicts Between the Public Auditor and the CFO on Internal Controls - Case Study Example The public auditor, whose primary job is to give an opinion on the financial statements of the company after necessary examination of the statements, also places his reliance on the internal controls established by the management of the company to prevent, detect and mitigate the events of frauds and errors which may lead to erroneous financial reporting and deception of the shareholders. This is the reason that the auditor lays great emphasis on the establishment of strong and well defined internal controls where the occurrence of material misstatements can be prevented, and if not, then properly detected and appropriate actions be taken to mitigate the same from occurring again. In the course of the audit, the strong emphasis laid by the auditors on establishment of the internal control department may create conflicts between the auditor and the management of the company, specially the Chief Financial Officer. The auditor and the CFO initially have their roles clearly defined as to the extent of their jobs and are required to work independently with clear objectivity without interference in each other’s work. The auditor’s responsibility is to report on the financial statements prepared by the management whether they are free from material misstatements and give a true and fair view. The auditor also has to report on the internal controls established by the management if they are organized enough to prevent and detect the frauds and errors. The auditor has to ultimately report to the shareholders on the safeguards established by the management to safeguard their rights. Conventionally, the role of the CFO is understood to be in the position of manager and regulator concerning the implementation of principles of accounting. Further, the post of the CFO also includes the preparation of the financial statements and related reports along with the supervision of the capital structure of the

Effect of Management Change | Case Study

Effect of Management Change | Case Study 1.1 BACKGROUND Change has always been with man from creation. Man and plants have evolved and adapted to the environment anytime the need arises. Failure to change, most often than not leads to extinction. The general perception is that changes are made always for the better, but sometimes, it is for the worst. At other times also, there is no need for change. Change is an inevitable phenomenon. A system would have to undergo change at some point in time. The effectiveness of the change to a large extent depends on how it is managed. For an organization to survive, it is necessary for it to continue to adapt to its changing environment. Change is the singular factor that upgrades a system to suit its current environment. Change in management is one typical way of effecting change. Change in management can take the form of privatization, re-shuffling or merging. Most times, old managers leave with their ideologies and new managers come in with new ones. Vodafone Ghana is one company in the Telecommunication Industry which has experienced management change in recent times. Vodafone Ghana, formerly Ghana Telecom, was the national telecommunication company of Ghana. In 2006, it had around 400,000 customers for fixed and mobile telephony and internet services. On 3rd July 2008, the sale of the company for $900m to Vodafone group was announced. After the transaction closed, Vodafone had a 70% stake in the company, while the Ghanaian Government retained a 30% stake. On 16th April 2009, the company was rebranded as Vodafone Ghana. The rebranding, seeks to lead to a stiff competition among the operators in the Ghanaian mobile market. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT. Changes in almost all organizations are not freely welcomed by the organization members. The reluctance to change is mostly as a result of fear of the unknown. Changes in management in organizations are resisted by staff for lack of knowledge of the impact the change will bring. The impact could be positive or negative. The change will at the tail end affect the performance of the staff and for that matter the organization as a whole. Change in management actually changes the status quo of how things are done. How the change is managed to get everyone along is crucial to the effectiveness of the organization. The performance of the organization is also translated in the response by the organizations external customers, government and regulatory bodies to the change. 1.3 PURPOSE/AIMS The purpose of the study will be to assess the performance of Vodafone Ghana, as there has been change in management. The research will assess the performance of the then Ghana Telecom and its management team for the last two years and do a comparative analysis with the performance of the now Vodafone Ghana and its new set of management team. At the end of the study, the research will find out which of the two management teams led to a higher performance of Vodafone Ghana. 1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The objectives of the study will include the following; To identify the effect of change in management on the performance of Vodafone Ghana. To identify the factors that necessitated the change in management of Vodafone Ghana. To ascertain the challenges of the process (change in management) and how it was managed to ensure that it is on track to achieving the required performance. 1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY It is believed that, the results of this study will do the following; Enable internal and external customers to know how the management team of the then Ghana Telecom fared in the last two years of their being as against the first two years of Vodafone Ghana. Inform the current management team of their performance in Ghana as far as Vodafone Ghana is concerned. Serve as a source of secondary data for further research in the area of change in management. 1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESIS The research question for this study will be: What are the effects of Change in Management on the Performance of Vodafone Ghana? The null hypothesis for the study will be: Ho: change in management does not significantly affect performance. The alternative hypothesis for the study will be: H1: change in management significantly affects performance. 1.7 SCOPE AND ORGANISATION OF THE STUDY The research will be grouped into five chapters. The first chapter is Introduction. The introduction will include an overview of the background of the study, the focal point of the statement of the problem, an explanation of the study, key objectives of the study, the reasons for the study, the question and hypothesis. The second chapter will review literature, that is, the theoretical and the empirical. It will explain relevant theories that relate to the subject area as well as give a description of literature that has been practically observed and validated objectively on the subject matter. It will again explain certain terms in the research. The third chapter will present the methodology. It shall give a general description of the design of the work. It will include population and sampling, instrumentation and statistical analysis. The fourth chapter will be results and discussions, where data collected will be analyzed and findings experimented. The fifth chapter will draw conc lusions and give recommendations. LITERATURE REVIEW It is often said that two heads are better than one. Most often than not, we see individuals coming together to undertake projects that cannot be done individually. One of the most known ways is through organization. An organization according to (Robbins Coulter, 1999) is a deliberate arrangement of people to accomplish some specific purpose. Organizations in trying to accomplish their goals get proper management systems in place. 2.1 THEORETICAL LITERATURE DEFINITION Management is the process of achieving organizational goals by engaging in the four major functions of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Bartol Martin (1998). Bartol and Martin emphasized on the fact that, it is an ongoing process that begins with planning and ends with controlling. It never ends because the controlling checks if the organization is on the right path as far as the plans (objectives) are concerned and as such, the results serve as input again in the process. Robbins Decenzo (2001) also defined the term management as the process of getting things done, effectively and efficiently, through and with other people. Like Bartol and Martin, the process in their definition pointed to the four main functions of management. Thus planning, organizing, leading and controlling. However, they believed that managers should not only be able to engage in the four major functions but managers should be able to do that simultaneously as the functions are interrelated and interdependent. Efficiency in their definition means making best use of the resources available. This brings into play the scarcity of the resource which has numerous uses. It is always prudent to minimize waste as much as possible when using these resources. Minimizing waste in the use of resources will lead to high productivity and efficiency. Effectiveness means choosing the right goals, strategies and tasks in a present condition. In essence, effectiveness is doing the right things while efficiency is doing things right. There are two well known ways of achieving efficiency and effectiveness which are; The organization increasing the output with the same level of input. The organization producing the same output with a reduced input level. Koontz Weihrich (1990) also defined management as a process of designing and maintaining an environment in which individuals working together in groups efficiently accomplish selected aims. Koontz and Weihrich like Robbins and Decenzo, and Bartol and Martins, believed that managers engage in the main functions of planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling. They also believed that management does not necessarily apply to a particular organization but rather, all kinds of organizations. Aside that, they believed that irrespective of the level a manger finds himself he needs to manage. They also underscored efficiency and effectiveness in trying to achieve the set goals. They however, believed that all managers focus on making surplus. This may not be necessarily true as some managers are found managing non-profit making organizations. Most managers in non-profit making organizations normally focus on the well-being and satisfaction of some people rather than making profit. All the stated definitions basically emphasize on management being putting in place the right atmosphere and conditions so that the set goals can be accomplished. All the definitions also highlight the major functions that are performed by managers and the fact that it should be done in an efficient and effective manner. Management is therefore a phenomenon that applies not only to organizations but also the daily lives of individuals. MANAGERS Managers are individuals who are engaged in the combination of the four functions of management to accomplish organizational goals. LEVELS OF MANAGEMENT Managerial jobs in organizations allow for the categorization of managers into three levels. Top Managers: It is the highest level and concerned with creating the organizations goals, overall strategy and operating policies. (Griffin, 1999). According to Rue Byars (2003), Senior management are not involved in the organizations day to day problems, but concentrate on setting the direction of the organization. Jennifer M George (2004), argued that top managers are responsible for the performance of all departments and therefore a cross departmental responsibility. Top managers are responsible for the successes and failures of the organization and most often have their performance scrutinized by the organizations internal and external customers. In Management by Robbins Coulter (1999), top managers are responsible for making organization-wide decisions and policies that affect the organization. Middle Managers: Managers at this level are responsible for the implementations of policies and plan drafted by top management and playing a supervisory role and co-coordinating the activities of the lower-level managers. Griffin (1999). According to Jennifer M. George (2004), middle level managers are responsible for finding the best way to organize human and other resources to achieve the organizational goals. To increase effectiveness, they evaluate the goals that the organization is pursuing and make suggestions to top managers. First Line Managers: The managers at this level are placed at the base of the managerial hierarchy and are often referred to as supervisors. They are responsible for the daily supervision of the non-managerial employees who perform many of the specific activities necessary to produce goods and services. They work in all departments of an organization. Jennifer M. George (2004). Its argued by Griffin (1999), that the common titles held by managers at this level are supervisors, coordination and office managers. These positions are often first held by employees who enter management from the ranks of operating personnel. According to Bartol Martin(1998), first line managers are extremely important to the success of the organization due to the special role of seeing to the day to day activities of the organization. These managers operate at the interface between management and the other work force and due to this can easily find themselves in the middle of conflicting demands. MANAGERIAL SKILLS Due to the validity and difficult nature of a managers job, certain skills are required to successfully carry out the duties and roles of a manager. Research by Robert L. Katz, during the early 1970s identified three essential skills or competencies needed by managers. The importance of these skills varies according to the managers level within the organization. Technical Skills: These are skills that reflect both an understanding of and a proficiency in a specialized field. Bartol Martin (1998). These skills are needed by both first line and middle level managers in their operations. It becomes less important as a manager moves into a higher level of management. However, top managers need some percentage of proficiency. For instance, an accountant must be proficient in the rules and standards of accounting, and be able to help its clients when faced with problems relating to the duties. Robbins Coulter (1999). According to (Bartol Martin, 1998) the technical skills are needed most by first line managers since they are directly involved in the supervision of the technical and professional employees, who are not managers. Middle level managers also need sufficient technical skills to recognize major problems. Top level managers will need some technical skills especially when technology is an important part of the product or service the org anization is offering. Human Skills: These are skills associated with a managers ability to work well with others, both as a member of a group and as a leader who gets things done through others. Bartol Martin (1998). Managers deal with humans and therefore need human skills to function effectively. Robert L. Katz indicated that, human skills are more important at the top level than the lower level. Managers with good human skills are able to get the best out of their people. How to communicate, motivate, lead and inspire enthusiasm and trust are some good human skills that managers should possess. Robbins Coulter (1999). Bartol Martin (1998) argued that human skills are needed by all the three levels of managers, since they deal with humans, and get things done through them. Managers without sufficient human skills are likely to have problems with internal and external customers. Conceptual Skills: These skills are related to the ability to visualize the organization as a whole, discern interrelationships among organizational parts, and understand how the organization fits into the wider context of the industry, community and world. Bartol Martin (1998). Conceptual skills are needed by managers for effective decision making that will positively affect the organization. Robert L. Katz proposed that these skills become more important as a manager moves into top management position. MANAGEMENT SKILLS AT DIFFERENT HIERARCHICAL LEVELS. SOURCE:BARTOL AND MARTIN, 1998 Griffin (1999) states that, the skills needed by a manager to perform activities go beyond the three skills. Four other skills are expected of a manager. They are; Diagnostic skills Communication skills Decision-making skills Time management skills WHAT MANAGERS ACTUALLY DO. Henry Mintzberg, a management scholar observed the activities of several top managers and discovered the work methods of managers as well as the major roles that they play. EXTENDED MODEL OF THE MANAGEMENT PROCESS. Management scholars Steven J. Carroll and Dennis J. Gillen went beyond the four major functions of management. These functions were used to form basis for the establishment of the managerial process. These management gurus upon their review of major studies on managerial work identified several key elements in the management process. There was the addition of work agenda, work methods and roles fused into the core management functions with a managers knowledge base and key management skills being contributing factors to high performance. WORK METHODS Mintzberg found that in their actual work methods, the managers differed drastically from their popular image as reflective, systematic planners who spend considerable quiet time in their offices poring over formal reports. Bartol Martin (1998). Three of the findings of Mintzberg give the revelation of what high-level managers actually do. UNRELENTING PACE: Managers are very busy people who work from dawn to dusk and are engaged in several activities. BREVITY, VARIETY AND FRAGMENTATION: Managers are very brief in their activities like meetings, attending to telephone calls, addressing the issues subordinates continue to bring to interfere with their work. VERBAL CONTACT AND NETWORKS: Managers prefer verbal communication through either phone conversations or meetings to written communication using memos and formal reports and rely heavily on networks to obtain and transmit information. MANAGERIAL ROLES According to Kreitner (1989), a research was conducted by Henry Mintzberg who concluded on what managers actually do. Mintzberg criticized the traditional functional approach as unrealistic, as they tell little about what managers actually do. Many other authors agree with Mintzberg and believe that the functional approach portrays the management process as far more systematic and rational and less complex than it really is. Mintzberg and his team said that to study managers and to know what they do, it is good to focus on the key roles they play, using a method called structured observation. This method involves recording the activities and correspondence of five top-level executives. Mintzberg identified ten roles he believed are common to managers at all levels. These ten roles are grouped into three categories. They are; Interpersonal Roles: This is the role that involves interpersonal contact with subordinates and peers. Figurehead, Leaders and Liaison are the interpersonal role managers play. Figurehead Role. It represents a symbol of legal authority and involves the performance of certain ceremonial duties like signing documents and receiving visitors. Leader Role. It seeks to motivate workers to get the job properly done Liaison Role. It serves as a link in a horizontal and vertical chain of communication. Informational Role. This is the role that provides information relating to the task. This role is important because information is the lifeblood of organizations, and includes nerves center, dissemination and spokesperson roles. Nerves Centre. It serves as a focal point for non routine information; receiving all type of information. Disseminator. Deals with the transmission of information to subordinates. Spokesperson. Deals with the transmission of selected information to outsiders. Decisional Role. With this role, managers balance competing interests and make choices. It enhances the development and implementation of strategies. The decisional roles are entrepreneurs, disturbance handlers, resource allocators and negotiators. Entrepreneur: Designs and initiates changes in the organization. Disturbance Handler: Takes corrective action in non routine situations. Resource Allocator: Takes decisions on allocation of resources to individuals and units. Negotiators. Participates in negotiation sessions with other parties like vendors and unions to make sure the organizations interest are adequately represented. Jones George (2004) in their book Essentials of Contemporary Management outlined Mintzbergs ten managerial roles. However, information technology has major effects on how managers perform their roles and on the skills they develop to perform the roles effectively. CHANGE The dynamic nature of business organizations naturally brings change. It is imminent for organizations to focus on change with competition increasing both domestically and globally. Companies that were enjoying mono-power are now been faced with competition from all the corners of the world. Bartol Martin (1998) defined change as any alteration in the status quo. They identified innovation to be one of the most applied forms of change. Innovation according to Bartol Martin (1998) is a new idea applied to initiate or improve a process, product or service. Hardly do people (employees) accept management action that endeavors to facilitate change as the existing processes and procedures may be seen consummate. The management of change in an organization has become an area of possible conflicts because of problems of understanding and communication. John Harvey-Jones (1993) stated that, it is impossible to change organizations which do not accept the dangers of their present way of doing things. A managers ability to manage change efficiently in an organization has become an indispensable skill in todays management. FORCES OF CHANGE A variety of forces influence change in an organization. Some of these forces are external whiles others may be developed internally. Recognizing and adapting to internal and external changes can mean the difference between continued success and going out of business. EXTERNAL FORCES All organizations are open systems and they therefore interact with the external environment of which they are part. The following factors may necessitate change: Escalating competition and globalization. Rapid development in new technology and the information age. Increased government regulation pressure. Scarcity of resources. Increased demand for quality. Increased demand for high levels of customer service and satisfaction. INTERNAL FORCES Internal forces for change also develop from a variety of sources. Some of these sources include; Ethical difficulties that arise because of employee behaviors. Decisions that entail changes and innovation. Organizational culture shifts. Reorganization. PROCESS OF CHANGE The process of change is likely to be associated with certain features. Hannagan (2004) in the book, Management Concept and Practices outlined the features as uncertainty about the causes and effect of change, unwillingness to give up existing practices, and awareness of problems in the change process. These characteristics according to Hannagan arose from a natural reaction to; Deny that the change is necessary. Resist any change irrespective of the merits. Avoid changes when they are introduced. Hannagan further suggested that managers should be able to determine the actual causes of change and remain flexible enough in their approach to overcome them in an appropriate manner. In the process of change, it is prudent to consider the degree of interaction between independent variables in the organization. The workers, technology and the organization structure seriously depend on each other and they therefore need to be recognized in the change process. The task of the manager is to direct energy away from feeling of powerlessness and looking backwards and towards seeing the opportunities for the future. This is important because in the process of change, people are likely to be threatened by the future while they need to recognize the dangers in the present position and the opportunities in the new ones. The process may involve denial of the need for change and resistance to it, until the change is able to be explored when opportunities will be discussed and commitment created. Hannagan (2004) outlined that the experience of the feeling of loss can take the following forms; Security: People feel unsecure of their position in the organization and how it will change. Competence: Becoming worried about their ability to carry out new tasks. Relationships: They may feel the familiar contacts will be lost with other employees, with managers and teams and groups. Territory: They may feel uncertain about their work space or job responsibility. Direction: They lose a clear view of where they are going. It is important that the manager reckon that these feelings are part of the transition process. It is the task of management to recognize these sentiments and endeavor to minimize it. This transcends provision of information as workers are not likely to change their behavior simply because they have being told. Change therefore needs to be managed carefully. TRANSITION IN THE CHANGE PROCESS From denial and resistance to exploration and commitment. SOURCE: MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES, 4TH EDITION BY TIM HANNAGAN. CHANGE MANAGEMENT It is obvious that a system that is not functioning well needs to be changed. The effectiveness of the change however to the large extent depends on how it is managed. Change aims at moving organization from the current position to place it in a desirable way in which its objectives can easily be accomplished. For the change to achieve its purpose it need to be managed properly. Hannagan (2004) outlined the various steps; Vision: A process of reminding everybody and clarifying to everybody the direction of the organizations. Strategy: Outline how this is to be achieved through the development of objectives and goals. Monitoring change: Progress is measured in order to observe and encourage change. Different strategies are developed and implemented depending on the stage of the change. At the stage of denial, the manager has to provide information and give time in order to explain the information and advocate action. Also at the resistance stage managers have to accept peoples response and encourage support. In the exploration stage, the manager needs to focus on the priority, train people involved in the planning. In the commitment stage of the process, long-term goals are established with emphasis on building team. SOURCE: MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS AND PRACTICES, 4TH EDITION BY TIM HANNAGAN PERFORMANCE People run and steer the affairs of organization. People are the main underpinning for goal setting and objectives accomplishment. The performance of an organization thus depends on the sum total of the performance of its members. Pattanayak (2006). Pattanayak believed that the success of an organization will depend on how it accurately measures performance of its workers. He further argued that the performance of an employee is his resultant behaviors on task which can be observed and measured. Performance refers to the contribution made by an individual in the accomplishment of organizational objectives. Pattanayak (2006). The performance of individuals in an organization is the resultant behavior on task which can be observed and evaluated. Normally organizations assess performance by looking at quantity, time of completion, cost involved and most importantly quality. One way of urging people to work in an organization is giving them feedback on the results of their action. It is important that feedback on both success and failures are provided on regular basis. Most organizations use performance appraisal systems or techniques in trying to provide feedback. PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Pattanayak (2006) acknowledged that performance appraisal system provides management an opportunity to recall as well as feedback to people as to how they are doing, so that they can correct their mistakes and acquire new skills. Pattanayak defined performance appraisal as all those procedures used to evaluate the personality, the performance, and the potential of its group members. Performance appraisal techniques used could either be formal or informal. INFORMAL PERFORMANCE APPPRAISAL Pattanayak defined informal performance appraisal as a continuous process of feeding back information to the subordinates about how well they are doing their work in the organizations. Pattanayak believed that it is normally conducted on the day-to-day basis. FORMAL PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL Pattanayak argued that formal performance appraisal occurs usually annually on a formalized basis and involves appraise and appraiser in finding answers to the following questions. What performance was set out to be achieved during the period? Has it been achieved? What has been the shortfall and constraints? What are we going to do now? How will we know that we have done it? What kind of feedback can be expected? What assistance can be expected to improve performance? What rewards and opportunities are likely to follow from the performance appraisal? EMPIRICAL LITERATUIRE Change has always been part of organizations. Day in and day out, organization are seen trying to adapt to a changing environment. A study by Agudze, Simon and Sunu on the influence of price on customer loyalty of selected supermarkets in Accra outlined the fact that organizations are affected by change in price. The study revealed that Melcom will lose 42% of its customers if prices should increase (change), at Game it was realised that 62% of their customers will stop buying if prices increase (change), and at Maxmart the survey showed that 50% of their customers will not purchase from the shop if prices should increase. Also on a thesis by Hans-Jà ¼rgen Brà ¼ck on the impact of organisational change management on the success of a Product Lifecycle Management Implementation -an investigation into the Electronics Manufacturing Industry, 59% of the respondents to the eighth questionnaire indicated that productivity is slowed down a little bit in the phase of implementing change, whereas 35% did not realize any negative influence on productivity. However, 6% indicated a significant decrease in productivity. The research also brought out the fact that vision is very important in the change process. The researchers fourth questionnaire focused on vision which half of the respondents indicated that it was very important. Moreover another survey by Natalie L. Petouhoff, PhD, Tamara Chandler, and Beth Montag-Schultz on The Business Impact of Change Management revealed that Organizational Change Management (OCM) programs have significant effect on Returns On Investment (ROI). The survey showed that ROI was 143% percent when an excellent OCM program was implemented. ROI however was 35% when OCM program was poor or there was no OCM program at all. 3.0 METHODOLOGY 3.1 RESEARCH DESIGN The study will be cross sectional as data collected from the field will be used within a short period of time. The study will take a period of nine months to be completed. The purpose of the study shall be descriptive in nature as a gap will be dealt with and employ both qualitative and quantitative techniques. The qualitative research will be based on knowledge, views, perceptions, observations and opinions of the effect change in management will have on the performance of Vodafone Ghana. The quantitative research shall also be based on the design and issue of questionnaires to customers, top management and employees to solicit for the objectives of the topic that will be expressed in terms of figures for the study. 3.2 POPULATION OF THE STUDY The population of interest for the study shall include all employees and customers at Vodafone Ghana. 3.3 SAMPLE FRAME The sample frame for the study will be all Vodafone customers within the age bracket of 20 to 40 years in Accra and selection of employees at Vodafone Head office at Circle. The reason for the chosen sample is due to the fact that, the study seeks to investigate the performance of Vodafone

Hamlets Madness Essay -- essays papers

Hamlet's Madness Many critics frequently dispute the madness of Hamlet. It is very difficult to label Hamlet as either sane or insane because of his statement to Horatio stating that he will act mad. Even though he tell Horatio that he is acting mad, there are many reasons that can lead him to mentally breakdown. "Hamlet was a prince, by birth a prince; and he wished to reign only that good men might be good without obstruction (Wolfgang 22)." The crown was not hereditary, but if his father had stayed longer, it would have secured Hamlets hopes of succession. The death of his father was a major blow to his nobility because hi mother can remarry and that person would become King. The thought of loosing the crown can make many people commit villainous act's, like in the story of Macbeth, but it can also lead a person to breakdown mentally. "He hoped, in the company of his surviving noble-minded parent, to reverence the heroic form of the departed, but his mother too he loses, and it is something worse than death that robs him of her (Wolfgang 23)." A short time after ...

Worker Reduction

FastServe has a tough decision to make. The five employees on the list have their own sets of good and bad points. Termination of an employment needs to be handled with care to avoid facing three labor suits. Being a direct marketing organization, what the company needs are people who have the skills that are useful in its kind of business. Since the company is closing down its online marketing and distribution channels, it does not need people whose skills are limited on those areas. It needs to retain people who can make positive contributions to its main business. The first consideration that FastServe must take note of is how that employee will contribute to the direct marketing business. In line with this, FastServe takes productivity into serious consideration. Next, the company must also take into account other things like compliance with the company's policy on attendance, work performance, productivity, and work redundancy. Another important thing to consider is the employees' work status, whether they are full-time, contractual, or under a labor bargaining agreement. This is a very important consideration to avoid abuse of the Employment At Will doctrine. Finally, the company must take into account the different anti-discrimination in the workplace laws . Each person on the list could file for discrimination when terminated because each one of them falls under the protected minority. Before FastServe will have to choose the final three people for termination, the company must talk to each one of them and give them time to defend themselves or improve on weak areas. Even if the layoff is not on a large scale basis and would not violate the WARN Act, or the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, it still would be humane and preventing legal actions if the company would do this act. Carl Haimes – Retain Of all the employees on the list, Carl Haimes has the best record. His overall track record performance is above average, the highest and only one in the group. In terms of productivity, he also scored above the median, which is what the company would like to see among its employees. In terms of education, Haimes has a degree in Information Systems, a skill that is useful in marketing. He is also a qualified systems analyst, an important asset to a marketing company that needs to have marketing systems in place. Haimes' computer maintenance skills and LAN installation skills for three platforms will come handy for the maintenance of the company's databases and electronic marketing portfolio. Haimes will also be useful when the company will be automating its systems. Strictly from skills and qualifications, Haimes is a clear candidate for retention. To improve Haimes' chances for retention, no one has made any complaint on his behavior or work ethics. Moreover, the company has no problem with his attendance, the only one in the group. Haimes' contract need not be an issue since the company would be retaining him. Haimes is gay and his sexual orientation could become a problem in conservative and traditional companies. Fortunately, FastServe, being a marketer, could not afford to be intolerant to diversity in the workplace. Diversity is what it needs to survive in a highly competitive environment. Retaining Haimes would benefit the company because of his skills, qualifications and adherence to company policies. Lastly, Haimes can't be terminated because there is nothing that the company would find undesirable in his performance. Besides, Haimes could file for sexual discrimination if he gets terminated knowing that among the five, he is the most qualified and the best performer. Brian Carter – Terminate In Brian Carter's case, the company must be very careful that it won't be sued with violation against the Disability Act of 1995 since this employee has a carpal tunnel syndrome. Should Brian passed the medical tests, then, FastServe cannot terminate him because of this problem. Brian cannot continue with his employment with FastServe for various reasons even if he does not suffer from a wrist problem. First, Brian's skills are highly specialized and limited to programming, which is very useful in the online distribution channels but not on direct marketing. Brian, being a techie guy, is unlikely to fit in a direct marketing kind of work even if he had a chance to train for marketing-related functions. He is a computer kind of guy and would feel more comfortable facing a workstation instead of facing people. Besides, Brian won't find it difficult to find new employment since his skills are highly sought after in todays environment. The company can terminate him at will because his expertise is not needed anymore. Second, Brian has a staggering 17 days absences in a two-month period, the highest among the five of them, and a fact that made his supervisor dislike him. He could have improved on his performance and productivity if Brian weren't absent for that many days. Terminating Brian would benefit the company because he will become an underperforming asset should his employment with the company continue. Sarah Boyd – Retain Sarah Boyd is the second employee that FastServe should retain. She's with the company for 15 years and her status is full time. But her retention are not simply based on those two factors. Of the three remaining persons on the list, Sarah has the lowest number of days absent in a two-month period. Her overall track performance is average while her productivity is median. Sarah is capable of managing and administering an office, skills that are useful in a marketing company. Also, she's the only person who knows office procedure better than anyone else. Her prioritizing and sorting skills could become redundant when the company will automate its processes. However, it would take time for the automation to be implemented. While waiting for that time, Sarah could continue doing her job and she could be taught other skills. Besides, Sarah is 53 years old and protected under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. So long as Sarah is able and capable of doing her tasks, the company can't make her retire against her will. However, should the company find the need to replace Sarah when she reaches 55 years old, FastServe could offer her an early retirement package that is attractive, fair and equitable. Nora Manson – Terminate Nora Manson's overall performance is above average but her productivity is below median. The company is currently focused on high productivity from their employees and Nora falls short of that goal. There is also the question of Nora's absenteeism that has already accumulated into two months. This is very high and would raise questions on her job loyalty. Another point against Nora is on her loyalty to FastServe. She has been directing employees to file discrimination complaints against the company she works for. Nora's participation in discrimination charges against FastServe is protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These acts may be in accordance to her personal values and are protected by law but these do not show loyalty to FastServe. Being an advocate of fair treatment need not mean going to the labor court right away. Nora could have acted as intermediary to prevent labor suits. On the positive side, Nora has rescued two big accounts and is skilled in handling irate and upset callers. She's also skilled in other aspects of making sales. Despite her positive contributions, Nora is too radical to become an asset to the company. While the company cannot take it against her to be watchful of discrimination, her work shouldn't have been affected by all of her non-work related activities. Her activities with her affiliation could have been the reason why Nora's productivity is low. FastServe should end Nora's employment so long as her contract allows the company to do that. If the employment is for a definite period of time, then the company can use her performance, productivity and absenteeism problems as the ground for her termination. However, the company should be prepared to handle discrimination complaints that Nora may file against it considering that she is an African-American and is an active member of NAACP. Jenny Mills – Terminate Jenny Mills should also be terminated. Although the law prohibits termination of women because of pregnancy, the company won't be ending Jenny's employment because of that. She is on contract and her attendance is very bad. She is also taking extra breaks that are not supposedly allowed and this make male employees complain. Jenny cannot use as an excuse her pregnancy for the 14 days of absence in a period of one month. Pregnancies are mostly difficult in the first two months and once a woman is already beyond that, her condition would be better. Jenny is already five months pregnant and there are no indications that it is a difficult pregnancy. Although she holds a degree in public relations, she has no special achievements. Her skills are also limited to answering queries from customers and troubleshooting common instruments problems. These skills can easily be taught to other persons. The company can even delegate these tasks to Sarah Boyd so that when it is time to automate, Sarah would be useful in other areas.

Taking a Look at Sexual Education - 2416 Words

Sexual education is first and foremost related to sex and sexuality issues. So in order to better understand the case of sexual education, it is important to review the development of the concepts sex and sexuality within the social sciences and humanities. For centuries, sexuality has been silenced â€Å"product of human activity† (Rubin, 1984, p.143). However, the XX and XXI centuries have become the periods of sexual revolutions, when sexuality has been transformed from private sphere to the public one. It has become the part of the modern art, has started to be regarded as a political issue especially in the discussions about women empowerment, and has become the part of one’s identity (Epanova, 2011). The theoretical explanations of sexuality within the social sciences and humanities illustrate this transition of sexuality from being the â€Å"natural† and â€Å"private† thing to the â€Å"constructed† and â€Å"public† one. Sexology, one of the first theoretical explanations of sexuality, was established in the beginning of the XX century. According to the majority of sexologists, sexuality and sex are natural and given things. In addition, sex is considered as the fundamental need of all human beings, which affects all the spheres of people’s activities, starting from physical to psychological ones. Moreover, the sexologists view only heterosexual sex as natural sex, because only through such form of sex, it can become reproductive and fulfill its important function (ibid.). However, thereShow MoreRelatedShould Abstinence Only Sex Education?869 Words   |  4 Pagesused sex education approach follows the beliefs of the church (Delamater, J. D. Lecture 9/29/14). The sex negativity of the Christian tradition stems from the philosophies of Stoicism and Neo-Platonism which both enforce that sex is solely for procreation. (Delamater, 2014, p. 483) The Christian belief that abstinence is the only mor al way to avoid STIs and pregnancy has led to the incorporation of abstinence-only sex education courses in schools. The myth that abstinence-only sex education causesRead MoreShould Sex Education Be Taught?947 Words   |  4 Pageswhether or not kids should receive sex education in public schools. With rates of teen pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted diseases on the rise, it is essential that school aged adolescents receive appropriate sex education courses. Though many parents across the nation believe that it is crucial to curriculum, how much they should be taught and what exactly should be taught is up for dispute. 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In addition, maturity is subjective so it is hard for the court system to determine