Saturday, October 5, 2019
Elements of Religious Traditions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Elements of Religious Traditions - Essay Example Religious tradition has got commands under which human beings tied to to. Separating oral traditions from the written ones are one of the requirements of the religious traditions. Most of the religions that are already established has got well furnished oral tradition and sacred texts (Isicheri 2000). However, to many religions, this is still a dream. Written tradition is common among the religions worldwide. For instance, in Islam religion, the holy Qur’an. They believe in the teachings from the holy book. They also practice orally by being able to recite the teachings orally. Every staunch Muslim knows the laws and the rules in the Qur’an and his daily life; he lives according to what it says. In Judaism, there was Oral Torah and the written Torah in Judaism. The written Torah is which is known as the Hebrew Bible. Religious traditions base their foundations on teachings, stories, myths and texts. These are basic foundations that guide a particular group of people. Th ey give the meaning of a group as a community and impact a sense of unity among the group. The myths are manifested in most cases as they try to explain the manner in which the universe began. They are also manifested through explanation of where human beings and other living things started. For instance, in Judaism and Islamic, it is believed that God is the creator of the universe and all that is in it. The divine couple izanagi and izanami are believed to have the explanation of the origin of the Japanese islands., in Shinto’s religion, which is prominent in Japan. They are convinced that the couple stirred up the ocean floor with a trident from the heavens, and the waters separated forming the islands. This is a form of a myth. Old people in some religions had a responsibility of passing information from one generation to another by telling the young ones stories and teaching them issues concerning life. They were supposed to ensure that their culture is not forgotten. Wh at Religious traditions do Religious traditions play a significant role in shaping our societies. Religious acts such as worship, pilgrimage, ritual and prayer are evident in our societies. Each religion has special dates in life when they perform rituals; birthdays and the day when a person dies are some of the examples when religious rituals are carried out. Religious actions also surround life transitions by giving them some definitions that help the community to go through them. For instance, in the Igbo religion circumcision of male people is an example of a transition from boyhood to manhood (Isicheri 2000). In this religion, one has to go through various rites of passage which entails almost all the life cycle. A fascinating one is the rite of passage known as itu-anya, which is the initiation to a Diviner. Here, one is given the authority of being a Diviner. Religions also take into consideration on how funerals are conducted. Rituals are performed during this event, where a religion believes its system is in line with a super-natural power they believe. Access to sacred places is also a key issue among the religious traditions. Sacred places are the places guarded for special functions concerning the religion. It entails time for prayers, worship and sacrifices or offerings in different religions. The sacred issues may differ in relation to the type of religion is in question. For instance Christians all over the world recognizes the Easter as a sacred day, they believe this
Friday, October 4, 2019
Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2
Design - Assignment Example The above instruction based on learning consideration would be vital in ensuring that all the learners are actively engaged in the study of labor mobility while enhancing direct absorption of the required study instructions. As part of the teaching plan, the instructor must anticipate the use of authentic or elicit questions from the learners as it would create a self-test environment regarding their natural’s curiosity towards issues of labor mobility. With consideration to the maintenance of the study objectives, learners must be allowed to sit for test questions at different prompt and determine their progressive levels. As part of ADDIE training guided, some of the estimated costs that shall be incurred to undertake the process of training moderation are as shown. However, considerations must be put in place that such estimates are not exact costs and every value may be subjected to variation depending on the number of participant’s skills and contact hours. Any adjustments of the costs below musts be done in consideration to the actual estimated cost as it critical in keeping a record of a well-organized trail Major stakeholders involved within the above labor mobility training program are organizational employees and the management. However, the plan has given an allowance for modification to embrace legal personnel whose mandate would be to ensure that the training is moderated as per the required standards. The training is also designed on a computer based platform, and most notes shall be issued in the form of slides and handouts, but main themes of studies shall be highlighted through projectors. Ultimately, the training sessions shall be conducted within the organizational premise. More precisely, the training theater and a practical moderation would be carried out for two hours three days a week until all the contact hours are
Thursday, October 3, 2019
Wills and Trusts Essay Example for Free
Wills and Trusts Essay Facts:            Tom is trustee of a trust created by Abe in 1986. The corpus consists of stocks and bonds worth $150,000, an apartment house appraised at $650,000 in a neighborhood which is becoming increasingly industrial, and a vacant lot. Yearly net income from the stocks and bonds is $12,000, and from the apartment house is $36,000. Tom has held the lot for five years, not wanting to sell it at a sacrifice because of the uncertainty of zoning and the location of a proposed highway. The trust instrument directs Tom to pay the income from the trust to Abe for life and, at Abes death, to divide the corpus between Abes children, Ben and Cathy to create two trusts. The two trusts are to continue for Bens and Cathys lives and then to be distributed to their children who are living when Ben or Cathy die. At the end of 1991, Tom sold the vacant lot for $50,000, the fair market value. He also sold some stocks for $35,000, realizing a $10,000 gain. Tom used this money along with $25,000 of accumulated rental income to build an addition to the apartment house. In another 1991 transaction Tom sold for $25,000 stocks that had been purchased in 1989 for $25,000, and lent the proceeds to PO Corp. at 1% below the prevailing interest rate. The loan is secured by a first mortgage on unimproved realty worth $30,000. For several years, Tom has performed substantial services for PO Corp. as a consulting engineer. He owns 100 shares of its common stock. There are 1,000,000 PO shares outstanding. In 1992, Tom allowed Ben to move into the apartment building. Ben got Tom to reduce the rent by $200 per month. Since Ben is an eventual beneficiary of the trust, he argued that he would simply let Cathy have more of the Trust money when Abe died to balance things out. Issue (1): Whether or not Tom breached his duties as trustee and, if so, what are his liabilities to the beneficiaries? Rule:            The issue in the case at bar is covered by the law on Trusts, which is basically formed by an arrangement whereby a property or a wealth owned by a person is managed by one person or an organization for the benefit of an individual or an organization. Relevant to this rule are the rights, duties and responsibilities of the settlor – the person creating the trusts, the trustee – the person for whom the property is entrusted, and the beneficiary – the individual for which the benefits of the trust is reposed. Analysis:            It bears stressing at this point that an examination of the rights and duties of the parties, specially that of the trustee, to a trust is imperative in solving the instant issue.            As trustee, Tom’s duty is to carry out the express terms of the trust. To be able to do the express terms of the trust, he is duty bound to defend the trust, to prudently invest the trusts assets, to be impartial with respect to the beneficiaries, keeping them informed about the trust and to administer the same in the best interest of the beneficiaries. Additionally, Tom has the duty not to delegate, the duty not to profit and not to engage in activities that may result in conflict of interest position.            With the forgoing considerations and upon close perusal of the facts of the case, Tom has breached his duties as a trustee. The express duty of Tom is the delivery of the income of the trust to Abe for life. As it is, Tom performed acts that prejudiced Abe’s interest in the income of the trust. When Tom sold some of the stocks and realized a $10, 000 gain, he should have delivered the same to Abe since it forms part of the income of the trust. The same is true with the accumulated rental income. It should not have been used to build an addition to the apartment house since it forms part of the income which should be delivered to Abe.            Tom is also liable for engaging in activities resulting to conflict of interest position. Notwithstanding the amount involved, his act of lending at 1% below the prevailing interest rate the proceeds of the sale of stocks to PO Corporation for which he renders services as a consulting engineer constitutes a breach of obligation on his part as trustee. In the first place, he is not authorized by the express letters of the trust to grant loans using the properties in trust. The breach was further aggravated when he lent the money to a corporation for which he owns shares of stocks and for which he is rendering substantial services.            Furthermore, the act of Tom in renting the apartment building to Ben at $200 per month less than the prevailing rent is also violative of his duties as a trustee. This would result in the reduction of the income from the apartment building by $2400 per annum to the detriment of Abe. The fact that Ben is an eventual beneficiary is of no moment. Ben has a future interest in the property but this does neither include the right to present possession nor enjoyment of the property. Since Abe is still living, it is only he who has the right to the income and enjoyment of the corpus as well as the income of the trust. Conclusion:            Based on the analysis made above, it is clear that Tom has breached his duties as trustee. His only liability is to Abe who was not able to receive all the income of the trust. As intimated above, Tom has no liability whatsoever to Cathy for like Ben, she is merely a remainderman who has a future interest in the corpus of the trust. She can neither possess nor enjoy the fruits of the trust while Abe is still living. Issue (2):            Whether or not Abe received all the income to which he is entitled? Rule:            The rule applicable to this issue is the express provision of the trust instrument itself. The trust instrument directed Tom to: 1) deliver all income from the trust to Abe while the latter is still living; 2) divide the corpus between Ben and Cathy, Abe’s children upon the demise of the latter; and 3) distribute the same to their children who are living when Ben or Cathy die(Palermo). Analysis:            A perusal of the facts of the case reveals that Abe was not able to receive all income that is due him. He was deprived of the $10, 000 gain realized from the sale of some of his stocks worth $35, 000. He was also deprived of the $25, 000 accumulated rental income. Both income were used by Tom to build an addition to the apartment house, when what he should have done according to the clear letters of the trust is to deliver the same to Abe.            Abe was also deprived of $200 per month when Tom reduced the rent by said amount to the apartment building when Ben, an eventual beneficiary, moved in. Conclusion By not adhering to the letters of the trust instrument, Tom has in effect deprived Abe of the income that the latter is supposed to be entitled to. The trust instrument clearly directed Tom to deliver all income of the trust to Abe for life. Reference: Palermo M. (2006). Crash Course in Wills And Trusts. Electronic article http://www.mtpalermo.com/httoc.htm
Marketing, Communications and Fundraising of NGO
Marketing, Communications and Fundraising of NGO Chikondi Mbewe Introduction Urban Promise Wilmington is a Christian organization focusing on serving at-risk children and youths in Delaware State. It was founded in 1998 by Rob Prestowitz. The vision of the organization came into existence when the founder volunteered in Camden. The city of Wilmington is still known as one of the most unsafe cities in America due to violence and drug abuse. The violence and drug abuse does not only affect the communities but also in the lives of young people who have a future. Urban Promise is raising a generation of hope of Christian leaders on the East side of Wilmington where there are shootings going on observed Miller, (dalawareonline.com Sunday News Journal A17, 2010). In 1999, the organization started running afterschool program, targeting elementary children at St Joseph Catholic Church. From 2001, the organization extended its program to some three new sites: Camp Promise, Camp Freedom, Camp Hope, and own an elementary school. Other two middle school Camps were also o pened to reach out at-risk youths. In 2010, the organization embarked on another big project of opening urban Promise Academy high school. The Mission Statement The mission of Urban Promise is to equip children and young adults with the skills necessary for spiritual growth, academic achievement, life management and Christiana leadership. The vision is to be a community in Christ of transformational and servant leadership, seeking a full life for all involved, urban youths and families, volunteers and staff in the neighborhood our city Wilmington. Market Mix Marketing mix refers to a unique blend of product, place (distribution), promotion, and pricing strategies designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanges with a target market (Lamb, 2009 p.47). Product, place, promotion and price are the major elements that determine the market. How does the product affect the market or the needs of the customers? Product Products refer to tangible goods, series, places, and ideas which customers buy, lease, rent, or use to meet their needs and wants (Wood, 2011 p. 97). Any company or nonprofit organization before it goes on the market, there are a number of questions needs to be answered. What are we really selling? What are the features of our product or services? What are the benefits of our products or services to the customers? Who is our target audience primary, secondary or tertiary? As an organization, answering such questions can help to be focused on what it wants to deliver to the customer needs with quality and satisfaction. Urban Promise Wilmington does not produce tangible goods but rather services As such our services are programs that we offer such as Afterschool program in six sites, Urban Promise Elementary school program, Urban Promise High school Academy, Summer Camp, Trekkers Program, Street Leader job Training program, and Intern Program. The features of our services are the quality of the programs offers to the communities, children, and youths that are Christ centered. The benefits of our services look beyond current challenges to see a future of hope and purpose. Such benefits include educational performance, spiritual enhancement, life skills management and behavior change management for young people. The programs enrich kids in a safe, positive environment during high-risk hours. More personalized assessment and focused intervention. Motivational programs such as speech contest, spelling and math bees, college trips, UK speaking tour as we train the minds and disciple the hearts. Price Price is that which is given up in an exchange to acquire a good or service (Lamb, 2009 p. 559). Price can easily determine the value of the product or vice-versa. if customers perceive the price to be too high in relation to the benefits, they simply wont buy, which helps to lower demand; if they perceive the price to be too low, for the expected benefits or quality, demand also will suffer (Wood, 2011 p. 115). This suggests that the price is the deciding factor to create more demand for the service or supply. But in most cases, customers focus on the benefits of the service or product. Time also affect price especially in times of low inflation, business can increase profit margins only by increasing efficiency (Lamb, p 86 bright space article chapter 3) In this case, Urban Promise Wilmington, it offers free Afterschool program but there is still an element of price for some services. The free Afterschool program is one of the strategies to achieve its mission and against competitors. For example, College trips, children, and youths pay $10, summer camp each kid pay $25 which is used to buy summer T-shirt, and the field trip every Friday for six weeks. But parents are given options either to pay or not. To the customers who are parents, in this case, it might sound almost free when they consider the benefits. The price makes the services more valuable to the customers. On the other, the price is the essential weapon that can easily change the market system of the product easily (Lam, 2009). Though Urban Promise offers free services, but that does not really free as an organization. The organization suffers a lot to make sure it is working hard to fundraise in order to cover other costs that go for free to the customers. In fact, Urban Promise understands that families whom they work could not manage to pay for services if offer. Again its goal was to penetrate into the community with the gospel. Afterschool was indirectly used to offer other services to the young people. How is the program promoted in the inner city? Promotion Promotion is also called consumer-influencer strategies. Lamb (2009) defines promotions as communication by marketers that informs, persuades, and reminds potential buyers or customers of a product in order to influence their opinion or elicit a response (p.471). Product or service, price, and distribution can literally get into the market points or distribution but the questions still remain. How will the customer know about your products or, your newly established brand and organizations? This is the role of promotions which includes advertising; public relations which help people know you or the products and services (Levens, 2010). How does Urban Promise Wilmington inform, persuades, remind, and educates the customers? Urban Promise uses several ways to educate and inform its customers. In the first place, it uses annual events like Banquet. The Banquet serves three main important roles: fundraise, sell the programs, and invite people for partnership. The event each year brings together more than six hundred people from the different world of the corporate world and nonprofit. Secondly, Urban Promise partners with different churches. Churches have been a powerful tool in informing the mass about the programs offered by organizations. Thirdly, each year Urban Promise go for recruiting in Colleges around the world in its intern program. The organization has people from Finland, Scotland, Chile, and Africa and within states. People who have served with Urban Promise have promoted the organization to the height. Lastly, it also uses internet such as website (www.urbanpromisewilmington.org), blogs, press release, magazines, flyers, and Face book. Multiple ways of promotion in the organization, suggest that customers usually feel, sense, and taste differently on the same product. Promotion strategy is closely related to the process of communication. As human we assign meaning to feelings, ideas, facts, attitudes and emotions (Lamb, p.400 Marketing and communication article, bright space) Place or distribution Place or distribution is an essential part of marketing because without it, products arent available for customers to buy and profit is lost (Levens, 2010 p.152). Further, Levens define distribution as the process of delivering products and services to customers (p.150). We cannot discuss product without considering where the product will be distributed or shared with the customer. Any customer accesses our services through distribution points that are strategically defined. The Afterschool program at Urban Promise Wilmington targets Church-owned facilities as key points of distribution service. Why? The churches in the City of Wilmington are the main partners of Urban Promise which have more customers to buy our services. The Afterschool program is offered in the way that meets the mission of Urban Promise by making the bible the center for counseling. Free Afterschool program and considering the bible as the center for counseling distinguish Urban Promise from its competitors. Urban Promise serves 600 children and youths each year through Afterschool and summer programs. The organization understands that the needs for educational excellence for less privileged families. The programs are offered at the most critical hours from 2:30 pm up to 6:30 pm of which most parents at work. The main competitors are The YMCA, Simply Equal Education, Literacy Delaware, and Jewish Community Center of Delaware, Inc. The stated nonprofits also run similar programs in the same locations. The only different with Urban Promise is the free Afterschool program and focuses on sharing gospel message to the young people and grooms them to become reliable citizens of their families and communities at large. Conclusion The elements of the Market mix are interconnected and missing one can easily affect both the organization and customers. The market mix helps the organization to achieve its mission through well-coordinated market activities such as product, price, promotion, and place or distribution. Products or services are supposed to add good value to the customers. Products or services determine the market. Good product that meets customers needs and satisfaction are likely to fetch high demand. Sometimes the quality of products or services affects price either positive or negative. Customers are accustomed to knowing the benefits of products before they even consider the price. In addition, the products, and price are also determined by the place or distribution. The same products or services can be charged differently depending on the status of the place. Furthermore, the product, price, and place require promotion to inform and persuade the customer to buy the services. Therefore, the goal of the market mix is to meet the needs and satisfaction of the customer. References Lamb, C.W, Hair, J.F McDaniel (2009) Essential of marketing; South-Western, Cengage Learning, United States Levens, M (2010) Marketing: defined, explained, applied. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, United States Wood, M. B (2011, 4thEd) The Marketing plan; handbook, Pearson Prentice Hall, upper Saddle River, New Jersey www.urbanpromisewilmington.org Lamb, e-chapter13, (2009) Marketing and Advertising article https://eastern.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/23621/viewContent/613432/View Lamb, e-chapter 3, (2009) Social responsibility, Ethics, Marketing and Environment article https://eastern.brightspace.com/d2l/le/content/23621/viewContent/613429/View
Wednesday, October 2, 2019
Odysseus: Heroes Essay -- essays research papers
Odysseus: Heroes A hero is a brave and strong person, who is also very human. A hero feels fear and every other emotion that we do. A true hero is a person who does something great and does not expect to be given any thing in return. A hero does something that effects a large number of people. A hero thinks more of others than he or she thinks of him or her self. The characters in the poem, "Women", and The Odyssey are both epic heroes. Odysseus is a strong and brave man, but I think he lacks one of the major characteristics of a hero. I think he thinks of himself more than of others. I think the characters in the poem, "Women," are better heroes because they can be related to easier. I don't think the poem characters are like an epic hero because they are less into them selves than an epic hero. They also seem to have done lesser things, I mean epic heroes always do something so great, like take twenty men on, or lead an army to victory. Everyday heroes seem to be more realistic and do something that's great, but its not written up in every news paper in the country. Odysseus is a brave man that did great things. In The Odyssey he conquers a monster using smarts and strength. He also looks out for his crew mates. He is faithful to his wife, well, in his mind he is. He kills many men on his own in a battle at his home. He cries a coupl...
Tuesday, October 1, 2019
Sociology and Globalisation Essay -- Sociology Essays
Many historians and sociologists have identified a transformation in the economic processes of the world and society in recent times. There has been an extensive increase in developments in technology and the economy as a whole in the twentieth century. Globalization has been recognized as a new age in which the world has developed into what Giddens identifies to be a â€Å"single social system†(Anthony Giddens: 1993 ‘Sociology’ pg 528), due to the rise of interdependence of various countries on one another, therefore affecting practically everyone within society. In this essay I will give a detailed explanation of what sociologists mean by the term ‘globalisation’ and how they have tried to explain it. Globalisation can be construed in many ways. Many sociologists describe it as an era in which national sovereignty is disappearing as a result of a technological revolution, causing space and time to be virtually irrelevant. It is an economic revolution, which Roland Robertson refers to in his book ‘Globalisation’ 1992 pg 8, as â€Å"the compression of the world and the intensification of consciousness of the world as a whole†. It is argued that globalisation allows the world to become increasingly more united, with people more conscious of ethnic, societal, civilizational and individual aspects of their lives. When exploring the topic of globalisation, sociologists have categorised the term into three components, economic, political and cultural globalisation. They have done this in order explain what it means. I have aimed within this essay to explain all three types of globalisation in order to answer the essay question. I intend to concentrate mainly on the economic an... ...e†them (Marsh, ‘Making Sense of Society’, 2000 pg 487). What we can understand on the whole, is what sociologists mean by the term globalisation is that it is a profound, dynamic process which is affecting the world immensely. It seems from what I have examined so far about globalisation that there may come a time eventually, when a world government comes into existence, where international inequalities will always remain and where social conflict will always be active. This is because the policies that drive the globalisation process are largely focussed on the needs of business. Globalisation is a continuing process which needs to be managed wisely. It is a crucial development which has and always will cause significant social changes within society and the world as a whole.
Heb Own Brands Analysis Essay
Rob Price was recently made vice president of Own Brands, which was the private label of H-E-B. The chairman, Charles Butt, had a real interest in growing the sales of the Own Brand product line. At the time, Own Brand represented 19% of sales while national brands accounted for the rest, which was opposite of 30 years ago when Charles took responsibility for the business. Charles gave Rob a goal to increase the sales of Own Brand’s private label by 11% in the next five years to bring it up to a 30-70 ratio of private and national brands, respectively. The increase needed to be across all product lines, but Rob had a specific assignment regarding the Own Brand’s bottled water under the label Glacia. The problem with the existing Glacia water was that it did not accurately market itself as imported spring water from Canada, which would increase its market share from the French imported water, Evian. There were many things for Rob to consider as his research showed that c onsumers would be more likely to buy Glacia if they knew it was Canadian spring water. With the competitive grocery market at the time, especially with Wal-Mart’s emerging into the grocery scene, Rob needed to make a specific recommendation on how to increase its sales in context of the overall Own Brand strategy. Initially, the problem was an undetected flaw in the marketing and labeling of the product. If consumers do not have something repeatedly pushed in their face, they will not likely remember it when asked. Other problems were caused by Wal-Mart and their huge ability to undercut pricing of most other chains because of their national, even international supply-chain relationships. Wal-Mart had its own brand in Great Value products but, according to the case, was not as high quality as the H-E-B Own Brand products. Great Value compared to the Hill Country Fare tier-3 generic that H-E-B put out. Rob knew that his competition was with Wal-Mart but he wasn’t sure yet how to properly compete. He wanted to keep their pricing model of Every-day Low Price s but the pricing against Wal-Mart was difficult to match because of other national brand’s pricing positions. I think the options that Rob had to decide between were whether to place Glacia in competition with Evian as comparable imported spring water or keep it positioned against Ozarka, which is where it was, and add the Canadian value to help boost sales through points-of-difference? One of the reasons why they should consider a direct market-comparison with Evian is because there isn’t a competitor right now. Evian has far out priced itself among its competitors and Glacia scored equally as high in a double-blinded taste test showing that it didn’t actually need to change the product, just the positioning. Own Brand could significantly increase the pricing to be more related to the pricing of Evian. This would remove Glacia off the shelf next to Ozarka and next to Evian. This could possibly allow Own Brands to create a Hill Country Fare product to compete with Ozarka. However, Evian was a good premium national brand brought in money for procurement revenue. If the new Gl acia began beating out Evian in sales and profit, Evian could pull its product from the H-E-B stores and then they would lose the procurement revenue derived from a national brand. National brands also help bring in consumers who end up buying other Own Brand products in the store. This was a decision bases for the entire Own Brand product line. The options of pricing, promotions, positioning, and the overall corporate strategy were all involved in this first decision regarding Glacia. According to Butt’s target goal to Rob shortly after he became VP, only 30% of a store’s products should be their own, with a 70% mix of national brands. If Rob decided to simply elevate the existing position of the Glacia against Ozarka to increase their market share, they could grow sales and not have to compete with the national brands. I think this would be effective considering the low cost of refining their label and less hassle in re-configuring pricing and moving the product closer to Evian. A third possibility was to reposition Glacia as domestic spring water, which is what Ozarka was. I don’t see the logic behind this because they were already a direct competitor with Ozarka and their only point-of-difference was the source of their water. Why would they go through all the effort and cost of relabeling, promoting, and re-launching to get more of the same? If I were in Rob’s position, I would re-launch Glacia to be a somewhat generic competitor to Evian and create a Hill Country Fare product with purified water to be placed just below Ozarka. Evian needs some competition and according to their profit data in Table B, Glacia could increase their price and profit significantly without changing the product, only the labeling. Also, Evian users indicated preference for the Canadian water over France. I f Evian users began to prefer Glacia water instead, and that’s what H-E-B stores carried, what would be the downside if Evian eventually pulled their product out of H-E-B stores? It wouldn’t be in demand anymore, so the loss would be some procurement revenue, but the profits off the increased price of Glacia would seem to overcompensate for that.
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