`` Fruitvale Station `` The Modern Homeland Security...

Fruitvale Station provides insights into the modern homeland security policy because towards the resolution of the film there is racial profiling. Also, in regards to the homeland security policy, race-based criminal profiling had become a denounced law enforcement practice (Newman). â€Å"In 1999, a Gallup poll revealed that more than 80% of Americans disapproved of the practice of racial profiling by law enforcement authorities on any level† (Newman). In Fruitvale Station there is a detachment between the community and the law enforcement because the community is aware of the racial profiling that the law enforcement uses in order to obtain suspects. As a result, Oscar Grant and his associates were not cooperative with the law enforcement on New Year’s Day in 2009 because of this detachment the community has with the law enforcement. In order to secure the relationship between the community and the law enforcement there needs to be more effective community policing in a homeland security policy. The principles of community policing is the dimensions of proactive policing, problem-solving, and community partnerships or cooperation (Criminal Justice and Criminology Faculty). Ultimately, to secure the relationship between the two, the community must trust the law enforcement because this trust creates legitimacy. â€Å"While, having lack of trust undermines the legitimacy of law enforcement and creates an unequal society in which some feel comforted by law enforcement while others

Environmental Effects - 758 Words

In the 1970’s, the United States Environmental Protection agency began giving permits to firms that allowed a certain amount of emission. Corporations could then sell and buy the permits on the, thus establishing a market where industries with emission levels that were difficult to limit could buy permits, while corporations that could cheaply reduce their emissions sold their permits. This was the first implementation of market-based tools in reducing industrys’ environmental impact. In Europe, countries like France and Germany have tried imposing a tax on resources such as gasoline to limit corporation’s ability to create pollutants. One common flaw with this approach is that it tends to produce revenue for federal governments without†¦show more content†¦Despite events such as this one and overwhelming support from the scientific community, the idea of global warming is not universally accepted. The United States has regularly shown doubt that global warming is a legitimate concern, with Scott Pruitt, the current head of the US Environmental Protection Agency, stating that â€Å"The debate is far from settled.† in a recent Op-ed. This doubt is further illustrated by the United States’ recent announcement that they would be withdrawing from the Paris Climate Agreement. Beyond skepticism about the legitimacy of the threat of global warming, there is the issue of economic growth and stability to consider. While some of the most developed economies in the world are capable of imposing limitations on their industries, not every country has this privilege. It is the responsibility of this committee to find solutions to ever more pressing concerns about the environment, while considering the capability and willingness of every nation to aid the effort. Past UN Actions: As mentioned previously, the United Nations has passed the Paris Climate Agreement, which was the first major effort to fight global warming and its consequences that included all nations.. The United States’ intent to withdraw from the agreement may be a blow to the potential success of the agreement, but the Paris Climate Agreement continues to acts as proof that nations can come together to act in a way that benefits the well-being of theShow MoreRelatedEnvironmental Sustainability And Its Effects On The Environment1590 Words   |  7 Pageshigh rates of natural resource depletion, and extinction at astronomical rates. The effect of these issues includes destruction of our trees and plants, food shortages, higher risk of natural disasters, higher risk of unclean water, and a higher risk of cancer (Environmental Problems). These obvious issues have been ravaging our earth for much too long and it is time that people begin to step up and embrace environmental sustainability . While there are groups and foundations working towards creatingRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental Forces On Yumyum Cola1020 Words   |  5 PagesHow Certain Environmental Forces Affect YumYum Cola’s Ability to Serve Its Customers Introduction This paper is aimed at identifying and highlighting the effects of environmental factors that affect YumYum Cola ability to serve its customer. This research will be focused towards the changes in political and cultural environment that can cause YumYum Cola to change its marketing strategies to hit the maximum targeted customers. The relationship between organization and environmental forces is a veryRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation And Its Effects On Our Environment1432 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation growth has also had an extreme physical impact on earth. An example of the effects of our extensiveness is, â€Å"†¦86% of the world s resources are consumed by only the wealthiest one fifth of humanity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (globalissues.org). this means that 4/5ths of the planet already has limited access to resources that are naturally found on earth. In addition to our excessive consumption of the earth natural resources, environmental degradation is the result of extreme pollut ion and wastes that have made theirRead MoreEnvironmental Impact Assessment: Identifying the Environmental Effects of a Project869 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is ‘the process of decision making by identifying the potentially significant environmental effects and risks of a project’. Environmental impact analysis is one of the stages of an EIA (Sadler and McCabe, 2002). Environmental impact analysis is a process of providing decision makers with an indication of the likely consequences of their action (Wathern, 2013). This stage comprises impact identification and determination of the significance of the impacts. ImpactRead MoreEnvironmental Degradation and Its Effect on Indian Economy3839 Words   |  16 PagesIyengar sanjay ! ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION AND ITS EFFECT ON INDIAN ECONOMY The environmental problems in India are growing rapidly. The increasing economic development and a rapidly growing population that has taken the country from 300 million people in 1947 to more than one billion people today is putting a strain on the environment, infrastructure, and the country’s natural resources. Industrial pollution, soil erosion, deforestation, rapid industrialization, urbanization, and land degradationRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Regulations On The Environment Essay1591 Words   |  7 Pagesenact laws upon specific environmental policies, and while power not granted to the government belongs to the state and people, I still insist that environmental regulations should be set in the hands of both state and federal government in order to assure adequate environmental protection over localized areas upon which the U.S. government has limited jurisdiction. Climate changed is caused by the warming of global temperatures due to a phenomenon known as the â€Å"greenhouse effect,† which is the entrapmentRead MoreEnvironmental Laws And Its Effects On The United States1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthe late 1700s, many Americans advocated for social justice, economic empowerment, property rights and environmental protection. Their advocacy created a national phenomenon that empowered government and policymakers to execute policies aimed at solving these problems nationwide. The government again took action to enact numerous laws, some of which became the foundation for modern environmental policy and regulations in the United States. â€Å"On the national level, the first federal action to respondRead MoreThe Effects Of Environmental Hormones On Public Health And The Environment1926 Words   |  8 Pages Environmental Hormone Mimics: Their Effects on Public Health and the Environment Cassandra Kaur Sheanh California State University, Fresno Abstract This paper explores three published articles that reflect the findings from studies conducted to examine the relationships between environmental hormone mimics (endocrine disruptors) and their effect on the human body. This paper specifically discusses three key environmental hormone mimics: bisphenol-A, dioxins, and pesticidesRead MoreEnvironmental Effects Of Urbanization On Shanghai And New York City1130 Words   |  5 PagesA Comparison: environmental effects of urbanization in Shanghai and New York City Since the industrial revolution, many developed and developing countries have begun the process of urbanization to achieve faster development. The transformation from rural to urban brings the human beings convenience and wealth. However, in the past decade, many cities have met not only benefits but also challenges. Environmental problems continue to grow in those high-density areas. To investigate these problems andRead MoreEnvironmental Effects Of Plastics : Environmental And Environmental Impacts1083 Words   |  5 PagesEnvironmental Impacts Production and disposal of plastic can have significant environmental and economically impacts. During production, energy and resources are wasted and toxic chemicals are released into the air. Disposal of waste causes air, soil, and land pollution and harm to wildlife. The manufacturing process of plastic produces solid waste, air emissions and waterborne emissions. The raw materials used in creating plastic are derived from oil and natural gas. These are fossil fuels, which

Child Welfare Committee / Juvenile Justice Board - 968 Words

ï‚ § Magistrate should transfer person below 18 years to child Welfare Committee/ Juvenile Justice Board. ï‚ § Child rescued from the brothel should be considered as a child under need of care and protection. Some of the other organisation which focus on the prevention of trafficking among children and protection of the child victims are: ï‚ § SAARTHAK: working in Delhi focus on providing mental health resources and process for the victims after rescued. ï‚ § RESCUE FOUNDATION: working in Maharashtra and runs shelter home with facilities such as counseling, training (vocational and life-skills), legal assistance, health care services (physical and psychological) and consequent repatriation. ï‚ § PRAJWALA: anti trafficking organisation based in Hyderabad works for the prevention of second generation trafficking. The Ministry of Women and Child Development and UNICEF undertook a rapid assessment of the existing mechanisms regarding the rescue, recovery and the re integration of the child victims between India and Bangladesh. Measures regarding recovery, return and integration of the trafficked children from Bangladesh by creating bilateral relation with India are being done. Task Forces for Rescue, Recovery, Repatriation and Integration (RRRI) of trafficked children have been created in Bangladesh and in West Bengal. The UNDOC has created a GLOBAL INITATIVE TO FIGHT HUMAN TRAFFICKING which is known as (UN-GIFT). It had created aShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of England And Wales Deals With Young People1280 Words   |  6 PagesEngland and Wales deals with young people. 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This is a person who is below eighte en years of age. On the other hand, juvenile delinquencyRead MoreThe Issue Of The Juvenile Justice System Essay1539 Words   |  7 PagesThe term juvenile is derived from a Latin word Juvenis meaning Young (who has not attained the age of 18 years). A Children have been recognized supremely assets of the Nation. The government of India through its National Policy for Children stated that their nurture and solicitude are our responsibility. Equal opportunities for development to all children during the period of growth should be our aim, for this would serve our larger purpose of reducing inequality and ensuring social justice. ChildrenRead MoreThe Age Of Criminal Responsibility1682 Words   |  7 Pagescountries, whilst evaluating the impact each criminal system has on the child. The main focus will be upon the key policies and legal frameworks emplace to support the imprisonment and punishment of children and young people. 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Other offices in the support sectionRead MoreSocial Welfare Administration10174 Words   |  41 PagesSocial Welfare Administration Administrative arrangements for Social Welfare in India S.Rengasamy Madurai Institute of Social Sciences 2 S.Rengasamy. Social Welfare Administration. Administrative Arrangements for Social Welfare in India CONTENT Concept, Objectives and Principles of Social Welfare Administration Definitions of Social Welfare Social Welfare is centered around two basic concepts Administration Social Welfare / Work Administration Social Welfare / Work administration distinguishingRead MoreThe Rights Of A Child Within Family Court System2582 Words   |  11 Pages One of the great concerns for modern society today is the issue of child welfare. This covers taking care of the basic needs of a child; food, shelter, warmth and promoting the child to develop mentally, physically and socially so they are able to function as an active member of society. Due to the need to meet the needs of society as a whole, the needs of children can sometimes either be ignored or regarded as a secondary concern. Even though that one day these children will be adults in ourRead MoreChildren Matter : Alternatives For Juvenile Detention2170 Words   |  9 PagesChildren Matter: Alternatives to Juvenile Detention San Jose Police Chief, Bill Landsdowne, stated that, â€Å"[l]ocking up kids is the easiest way. But once they get in the juvenile justice system, it’s very hard to get them out† (Holman Ziedenberg, date). Detaining youth, in particular non-violent offenders, has more of a negative, long-term impact on youth as well as the community. With the inception of the Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative, the use of retribution is being pushed asideRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Legal Regime For The Better Future Of Children Essay6622 Words   |  27 PagesIntroduction of Childs Child Rights The question of the rights of children in the modern times has emerged as one of the most vibrant issues in contemporary human rights discussions. National and international initiatives have been underway to understand and provide solutions with far reaching affects. Notable among which has been the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations, on 20 November 1989, the first legally binding code of child rights in 54Read MoreProblems and Issues in Implementing of Ra 9344 of Isabela9768 Words   |  40 Pagesfact cannot be denied: juvenile delinquency is on the increase in our country. The past few years has seen a sharp incline of juvenile offences. As we talk further Juvenile delinquency it is refer to antisocial or illegal behavior by children or adolescents, for dealing with juveniles, such as juvenile detention centers. There are a multitude of different theories on the causes of crime, most if not all of which can be applied to the causes of youth crime. A Juvenile Delinquent is one who

Technologies Available in Big Data

Question: What Big Data is, and the difference between Online and Offline Big Data ? Answer : Introduction Nowadays, business activities, creativity, and innovation are driven and improved by data. The main idea behind the big data was first initiated over 70 years back. Although, not until recently that companies began to take serious development in information technology (Dhar, 2014). In this report, the history of big data is discussed including the rising attention given to information and data in the healthcare. These are looked into within the context of the four main parts: the regulation, reimbursement, competitiveness, and technological environment of the healthcare sector. The quantity of data captured by the current healthcare system is grouped as big data that is defined as data sets with size that cannot be handled by the normal database system or software tools. The current or normal software tools may find it so hard to capture, store, manipulate and analyze. Definition of Big data Big data can be specifically defined when it is considered to meet the three criteria, for example, volume, variety, and speed. This may mean that data the adequacy of data may be in form of kilobytes, megabytes, terabytes, or petabytes. The Importance of Big data to a business Digital data is far much better than offline data because of its efficiency and accuracy. The speed of retrieval is faster with digital data than offline data. In addition, it is easier to manipulate and edit if need arises. Huge information examination helps associations tackle their data and apply it in recognizing other achievements. Thus, helps the business to move forward and realize productive benefits, and more clients that are joyful. How to select the right Big Data application for your business, project and desired outcomes. Value addition. Large data advancements, for example, Hadoop and cloud-based assessment bring down cost and make it favorable in terms of implementation and maintenance. Proper and efficient management. With the quick speed of and enough memory, coupled with the volume to simplify new aspects of information, companies can manipulate data quickly and choose the right ones that will fit their desire. What are the technologies available in Big Data Current items for administrations. The clients requirements can be evaluated through proper set procedures that are able to outsmart the old channels. These are only possible if the latest technology is put into consideration. Business administrators occasionally ask, "Isn't 'huge information' simply means 'examination'?" It is true that they are related: Huge information growth, as investigation for the latter, aims to collect ideas from information and interpret it into business language to benefit the business. In 2012, about 3 Exabyte of data could be manufactured daily, and that number is increaing at regular intervals or thereabouts. A large quantity of information is available on the web sites on daily basis. This allows companies to use amount of information in a solitary informational collectionand not particularly on the web site. For example, it is evaluated that Wal-Mart collects higher amount of data daily from its client works. Speed Speed of delivering information can be as important as volume in other programs. Continuous or on-going information enables the organization to be at the top of its competitors. For example, Alex "Sandy" Pentland and his gathering at the university lab made use of area ideas from cell phones to derive how many individuals participated in an event (Big Data Literature Search, 2014). This made it conceivable to assess the retailer's deals on that basic day even before the data is recorded. Variety Enormous information look like texts, updates, and photos shown on interpersonal organizations; recordings on sensing gargets; GPS signals on cell phones, and that are only the tip of the iceberg. A large part of enormous information is moderately current. The gigantic measurement of information under informal communities, for example, are old systems; Facebook was propelled in 2004, Twitter in 2006. Similar holds for cell phones and the other cell phones that now give tremendous floods of information fixing to individuals, exercises, and areas. Since these gadgets are universal, it is anything but difficult to overlook that the iPhone was disclosed just five years back, and the iPod in 2010. Subsequently, the organized databases that put away most corporate data as of not long ago are ill-suited to putting away and preparing huge information. In the meantime, the consistently declining expenses of the considerable number of components of registeringstockpiling, memory, handling, tra nsfer speed, et ceteraimply that already costly information escalated methodologies are rapidly getting to be distinctly spring (Dh?r, 2014). Figure: Components of Big Data and Analytics With the digitization of businesses, improvement in data manipulation and cheap hardware are here with us: here, data is computed using computers to speed up the operations of the businesses. Cell phones, web based shopping, informal organizations, video conferences among others, all create deluges in information because of the standards in operation. Each of us is presently a moving information producer. This information can be (Bughin, 2016). Information or data may be in large and unstructured volume and of different types that may not be easily grouped or sorted. In the healthcare sector, big data is seen as having the ability to change the relationship that links the patients with the health providers and it is further linked to the history of events, for instance, the revolution of electronic gadgets. This revolution may be considered as great as the first and second industrial revolutions (Handler, 2014). It is believed that there has been a direct link between the expenditure in the health facilities and application of big data. A company that employs big data in its operations has a reduced spending. However, the most important useful data may be seen as effective measures of collecting, managing, storing, and analyzing them. This data can then be used in a number of areas ranging from clinical lab to varied diagnostic tests, quality outcome indicators, finances, medication and giving orders, consultations, among o thers. A research carried out in 2012 estimates that below 3% of the useful big data undergo any kind of analysis (IEEE Transactions on Big Data, 2015). The inherent challenge arises when there is a poor or inaccurate interpretation of the wider variety of diagnostic information and medical technologies used across the healthcare sector as a whole in recent days. For instance, the interpretation of condition of medication such as high blood pressure could also be interpreted as hypertension a raised blood pressure (Bhatt, Dey and Ashour, 2017). In connection with this process of analyzing and making the data valid, the healthcare sector is faced with problems of reimbursement of services and purchase methodologies. The process is also dependent on the willingness of providers to alter the practice to make use of big data to improve evidence-based care as opposed to self-clinical judgment (Williamson, 2014). The additional disadvantage arises when the utilization of big data becomes inherent fragmentation caused by the caused by the latest infrastructure of the healthcare delivery systems. Some entities usually work in consideration of information being involved, which improves the sharing of data that would positively impact the coordination and inclusion of care across different providers. However, with the increased inclusion of care, the spread of big data, providers, and users, keep concerns on information of health insurance and accountability act (Kirkpatrick, 2013). Despite the many disadvantages of the adoption of big data in healthcare, the sector is being subjected to more and more regulations requiring reporting and sharing of information that results from big data that is under coll ection or requisition for use. Business Impact of Big Data The big data can be harnessed and used in healthcare, for instance in the implementation of electronic health records, mandatory reports of healthcare quality outcomes and indicators, and increasing adoption of the development of mobile health services provided across the country. The mobile healthcare is meant to increase the efficiency and access to health services efficiently and in time (Dumbill, 2013). All these development in healthcare services would need the use of big data to ensure appropriate delivery of services within and outside the sector. The work of big data is diverse and without limit, the boundaries of within which the healthcare providers and health enterprises operate are increasing and thus the big data technology is necessary for all the important steps taken to improve the sector. However, there always exist some hindrances to the full adoption of technology for the use of big data to improve costs and enhance savings as well. Organizational Impact of Big Data So to take an excursion through Big Data in social insurance, how about we begin toward the starting before we even get sick. With the applications of big data in the health facilities, we can easily gauge the amount of activities that are beneficial to our health. Those activities can be measured in terms of data and information provided or kept in the data base systems. (Pyne, Prakasa Rao, and Rao, 2016). In future, this information may be beneficial to people who are responsible in enacting policies and this also help in gathering and reporting issues before they actually take place (Chang, 2015). This is prompting to historic work, regularly by associations amongst therapeutic and technology gurus, with the ability to see ahead and differentiate issues early enough. Someone recently framed case of such a company as the Pittsburgh Health Data Alliance (Bakker, Aarts and Redekop, 2016). It intends to take information from varied fields, (for instance, therapeutic and prevention records, inherited information, and web-based social network use) to come up with a complete and viable of the client, to offer a custom-made human services bundle. That individual's information will not be dealt with in confinement (Craven and Page, 2015). It will be thought about and simplified by several others, describing specific dangers and related issues by examples that develop within the examination. Thus, empowers refined prescient displaying to happen an expert will have the ability to look at the feasibility and do a valuation in order to gather information about patients with the same probl ems. Such projects, for instance health insurance, will enable the business to improve in its delivery as well as creating an atmosphere that the workers will enjoy. Conclusion Information and data in social insurance is being used to expect scourges, treat sicknesses, improve self-actualization and keep distances from this that can be prevented. With the growing population, it is necessary that information is well organized in form of data. This will ensure an improvement in how issues are handled and at the same time raises the integrity of the processes that are being driven by information (Krishnan, 2013). Accessibility of data should as fast as possible, this has been made easy through technology that ensures that different data however huge it may be, can be easily reached and manipulated as need arises. Big data is helpful to organizations because it makes it easy for the management to keep track of everything that happens within and without the company. It is easy to keep records and retrieve stored data as faster as need arises. Moreover, keeping inventory and planning for everything becomes as easy as a click of a mouse. References Big Data Literature Search. (2014). Big Data, 2(4), pp.230-232. Bughin, J. (2016). Big data, Big bang. Journal of Big Data, 3(1). Bakker, L., Aarts, J., and Redekop, W. (2016). Is Big Data in Healthcare about Big Hope or Big Hype? Early Health Technology Assessment of Big Data Analytics in Healthcare. The value in Health, 19(7), p.A705. Bhatt, C., Dey, N. and Ashour, A. (2017). Internet of things and big data technologies for next generation healthcare. 1st ed. Cham: Springer. Chang, H. (2015). Book Review: Data-Driven Healthcare Analytics in a Big Data World. Healthcare Informatics Research, 21(1), p.61. Craven, M. and Page, C. (2015). Big Data in Healthcare: Opportunities and Challenges. Big Data, 3(4), pp.209-210. Dhar, V. (2014). Healthcare and Data: An Interview with Peter Szolovits. Big Data, 2(4), pp.182-184. Dhar, V. (2014). Why Big Data = Big Deal. Big Data, 2(2), pp.55-56. Dumbill, E. (2013). Big Data is Rocket Fuel. Big Data, 1(2), pp.71-72. Dumbill, E. (2013). Making Sense of Big Data. Big Data, 1(1), pp.1-2. Hendler, J. (2014). Data Integration for Heterogeneous Datasets. Big Data, 2(4), pp.205-215. IEEE Transactions on Big Data. (2015). IEEE Transactions on Big Data, 1(1), pp.47-47. Kirkpatrick, R. (2013). Big Data for Development. Big Data, 1(1), pp.3-4. Krishnan, K. (2013). Data Warehousing in the Age of Big Data. 1st ed. Chennai: Morgan Kaufmann. Pyne, S., Prakasa Rao, B. and Rao, S. (2016). Big data analytics. 1st ed. New Delhi, India: Springer. Williamson, J. (2014). Getting a Big Data Job For Dummies. 1st ed. Hoboken: Wiley.

The History of sexuality

The term sexuality had been a puzzle for many people for a long time. A lot of research has been done on the topic by many philosophers as well as historians. Among them was a French philosopher known as Michel Foucault who researched on the history of sexuality. Sexuality basically means the identification of difference in gender. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The History of sexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the main feature for the identities of people. Philosophers have before claimed that sexuality operates in an unstable manner and it is developed through social interactions. Therefore the history of sexuality can be said to have started long ago as people tried to find out more about the creation of God. Research shows that not every person understands all about sexuality. Different people and cultures have their own different perception of the term. In countries like Japan, China and Indi a the word sexuality is seen as something that is normal and no one is ashamed of talking about it. Though they keep it as a secret they find no harm in discussing the topic of sexuality. On the other hand, the western society has a different perspective about the term. They find it to be a secretive term and not to be publicly discussed. It can therefore be said that one’s understanding depends on an individual’s egotism. During the course of my study in high school I got to see how people may be confused by the term sexuality. There was one of our school mates who had male characteristics yet she had been born a female. The reason behind this was that she had been born a hermaphrodite; that is having both sexual organs. The doctors who first examined her after birth decided that it was easy chopping off the male sexual organ other than surgical procedures on the female sexual organ. With this, they did not consider anything to do with the hormones, internal organs or the reproductive cells. Since all babies are identical despite the sexuality no one was able to notice any difference. The problem arose during her high school life when her body was undergoing hormonal changes. The body started developing visible male features and characteristics such as beards, hoarse voice, no breasts and many others. Since we were in an only girl’s school, she could be easily distinguished. The issue about her sexuality greatly affected her social life and eventually academically.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It was after much consultation with her parents that she realized the mystic about her sexuality and underwent another surgery to convert her to the male sexual being she was supposed to be. The problem can be dated back to the doctors who first examined her. They did not understand that sexuality is more than just the sexual organs. Sexuality h as a lot to do with personality and many other factors which may not be visible. This was a serious mistake costing the teenage life of a person. It can therefore be concluded that sexuality is a very important issue to human beings. Ignoring and taking sexuality for granted is wrong just as described by Foucault. He says that people of the Western society suppressed the word sexuality. Considering the effects that are bound to arise because of negligence of sexuality, it calls for immediate change of state of the situation. That is, people should critically look at sexuality and begin to put more recognition on it. Doing this will create a freely interactive and sociable community. This essay on The History of sexuality was written and submitted by user Avery Y. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Essay on Social stratification and social inequality

Essay on Social stratification and social inequality Essay on Social stratification and social inequality Essay on Social stratification and social inequalitySocial stratification and social inequality have a notable impact on the economic security of people in old age. The differences in initial family welfare and life opportunities contribute to the process of transferring social inequality from generation to generation. The theory of cumulative disadvantage states that social inequality in general and economic insecurity in particular evolve as part of a cumulative process that takes place during the whole course of life (George, 2010). One of important issues emerging due to social inequality is economic insecurity of most ethnic minority groups in old age.According to Schulz (2006), the economic status of non-Hispanic white elderly Americans is significantly better than the economic position of elderly people who belong to Native American, Hispanic and African American ethnic groups. There exist significant differences in incomes and even greater differences in net worth, which affe ct the quality of life for ethnic minorities in the old age. It is notable that elderly representatives of Asian ethnic minority groups are more economically secure than the general population. At the same time, these data are in line with income statistics: Asian Americans tend to have incomes comparable with non-Hispanic White Americans or even higher (Schulz, 2006).The majority of elderly people (64%) rely on Social Security as their main source of economic security. The representatives of ethnic minorities demonstrate a greater reliance on Social Security income compared to white non-Hispanic Americans: for example, 71% of African Americans, 74% of Hispanics and 68% of Asian Americans rely on Social Security for 50% or more of their income, while only 63% of non-Hispanic White elderly people receive half or more of their income from Social Security (George, 2010). Therefore, ethnic minorities have greater reliance on Social Security in old age, and it is reasonable to assume tha t these ethnic groups also have greater economic insecurity in old age.Indeed, Social Security rules provide higher benefits for people with higher-paid jobs, continuous employment histories and active workforce participation (Schulz, 2006). This means that the representatives of minority groups are likely to have lower Social Security benefits during retirement due to more sporadic employment, higher unemployment rates, lower-paid jobs, etc. (Schulz, 2006) In addition, minorities are less likely to have access to employer pensions, which makes their economic position even more vulnerable.It is notable that single old people are more likely to experience economic insecurity regardless of ethnic group; however, especially vulnerable categories of elderly people are single Hispanic and African-American people. Indeed, the rates of economic insecurity constitute 48% and 65% for African American and Hispanic couples correspondingly, while for single African American and Hispanic retiree s the rates of economic insecurity constitute 77% and 83% accordingly (George, 2010).Economic security of elderly minority populations is additionally affected by the presence of recent and foreign-born immigrants in their families (which reduces access to Medicare) and lower chance of owning a house (due to housing discrimination) (Schulz, 2006). In general, the most economically insecure ethnic groups in the old age are African Americans due to lower wages and episodic employment, and Indian Americans – due to previous state policies acting against indigenous population. Economic security of elderly people of Hispanic origin differs by their country of origin (Schulz, 2006): for example, average well-being of Cuban retirees can be compared with non-Hispanic Whites, while aged people of Mexican or Puerto-Rican origin are likely to have low levels of economic security. Hence, there are notable differences in economic security in old age between different ethnic groups.

Legal Profession Ethics & Morality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Profession Ethics & Morality - Essay Example Thus, the legal profession has well-developed and strictly imposed codes of ethics and standards of professional practice. That means a lawyer who is acting in accordance with the standards automatically become ethical. Here one has to understand the fact that the legal profession has a number of basic paradoxes to face unlike other professions. First of all, lawyers are considered as officers of the court. Thus they possess the obligation to help the court in the administration of justice. Secondly, the lawyer has the responsibility to act in the best interests of his client. Thirdly, a lawyer is lured by the fact of his own financial gains. Evidently, it requires a lot of ethics to manage all these affairs to retain people’s faith in the system. In fact, in order to ensure smooth functioning of the judiciary, there are extensive ethical codes for the legal profession. They cover issues like conflicts of interest, acting for both parties, business relations with the clients, opposing a former client, and confidentiality of the information   From the discussion, it becomes evident that the legal profession is different from other professions in the fact that while all other professions have the primary aim of making pecuniary gain, the legal profession has earning only as a subservient function. Thus, one can also reach the conclusion that the profession deserves a higher regard due to these basic differences. Unlike many other professions, a lawyer is an asset to the whole society.